Amino acids
Non polar amino acids are... (characteristics)
- Hydrophobic
- Located towards the interior of proteins
What does pI stand for? And what does it mean?
pI stands for isoelectric point and it's the point of minimum buffering capacity
Carboxylic acid and amide group
The primary structure is...
Linear and ordered sequence of covalent skeleton or amino acids
Hemoglobin is a type of what structure?
Quaternary structure
Polar NON-CHARGED amino acids are...
- Soluble
- Hydrophilic
- Located towards the exterior of proteins
How do pH and pI affect the charge?
The further the pH is from the pI, the greater the amount of charge.
The bond PHI is located...
Between the chiral carbon and the amino group
A secondary structure is...
An arrangement of polypeptide chains along a single direction or axis
What's the condition of the Tense state?
It lacks oxygen
Polar CHARGED amino acids are...
- Hydrophilic
- Acidic --> Negative charge
- Basic --> Positive charge
At any pH above the isoelectric point, amino acids... (charge)
At any pH above the isoelectric point, amino acids will have a negative charge and below it will have a positive charge
The bond PSI is located...
Between the chiral carbon and the carboxylic acid
Give some examples of a secondary structure
- Beta sheet structure
- Alpha helix structure
What is a supersecondary structure?
Combinations of secondary structure elements that are often repeated
Which are the 2 properties of amino acids?
- Stereoisomery (Isomery that only differs in how their substituents are oriented in space (because of rotation))
- Chirality (mirror images, like hands)
What is the pK?
pK is the pH at which half of the amino acids have a dissociated functional group and the other half of the amino acids don’t.
Most possible angles of Phi and Psi are impossible because...
of clashes between atoms
What is a tertiary structure?
Chains folded to form the compact folded structure in globular proteins
What are isomers?
Compounds with the same formula, but different properties.
Which type of amino acids do humans have?
Type L, because we can't degrade type D
What is the buffering capacity?
Minimal variation in pH due to the addition of acid or base
The formation of a peptide bond results in the loss of...
a water molecule.
The quaternary structure is...
A complex composed of multiple protein chains (subunits)
Which amino acid never EVER forms part of the alpha helix?
Proline :(