PWs + Grammar
Which Latin saying describes an animal in place it doesn't belong (akin to the English saying "a bull in a china shop")?
asinus in tegulis - donkey on the rooftiles
What was the Greek word for the podium?
stylobata
Statues of women used as columns were called what?
caryatides
Vitruvius visitabat quam urbem in Etruria? (Quid est nomen urbis?)
Populonia
What did the Greeks put in the roof to let light into their temples? Answer in Latin.
cavum
AD architecturam templorum Etruscorum DISCENDAM vēni. Translate the sentence and explain the grammar of the capitalized words.
I came to learn the architecture of Etruscan temples. Gerundive of purpose (for the purpose of learning)
Explain the difference between acroteria and statuae
Acroteria: rooftop statues of plants and animals. Statuae: statues of people.
Explain the difference between Etruscan columns and Greek columns
Etruscan columns were made of wood and widely spaced in front of the temple. Greek columns were made of marble and spaced closely all around the temple.
Name either the Etruscan architect or the Greek architect from the book (and say which it is).
Etruscan: Pesna Ramtha. Greek: Agathon
Years were not numbered in Ancient Rome. How did the Romans articulate the year in which something happened?
By naming who was consul at the time
Give the Latin phrase meaning "long live Rome!" Then explain the grammar of the verb.
Vivat Roma! Vivat is a subjunctive.
List three common building materials, in Latin.
Lignum, Marmor, Lapis, Terra Cocta
Name three features outside a Roman temple that were not part of Greek or Etruscan temples (not on the entablature).
Porticos, exedrae, large forum, caryatides, fountains, altar on the steps
What is the fastigium, and how did it differ from Etruscan to Greek temples?
Fastigium: pediment/gable/triangle part of the roof. Etruscans had fastigium apertum (open) and Greeks had fastigium clausum (closed).
Explain how the Haruspex interpreted the signs. Where did this practice originate, and which organ was particularly important?
Originating from the Etruscans, the haruspex inspected sacrificed animal entrails, especially the liver.
When Romans traveled by sea, what sort of weather did they hope for? Give the Latin phrase and translate it into English.
ventus secundus - a favorable wind
The Greek temple commonly had what three decorative elements above the columns? Name and describe each one.
Metopes (paintings or sculptures) alternated with triglyphs (solid three-paneled blocks) above scuta (shields).
The Temple of Apollo at Delphi had a specific room inside the cella. What was it called, and who used it?
adyton (adytum), meaning "forbidden," since only the Pythia could enter
“Urbem latericiam accepi sed marmoream facere volo.” Who said this and what does it mean?
"I received a city of brick but I will leave a city of marble." -Emperor Augustus
According to modern science, what probably caused the pythia's prophetic trance, and why did it stop in 373 BCE?
The temple was on a geothermal fault so she inhaled ethylene (hallucinogenic and anesthetic), until an earthquake sealed the fault.
Write out this year's JCL theme in perfect Latin, translate it into English, and cite the author.
Corcordia parvae res crescunt: small things grow with unity/harmony (the historian Sallust, Jugurthine War)
Name the three parts of the Roman entablature, in order from bottom to top.
Epistylium, zophorum, denticulum
Name the five types of column capitals, in order from simplest to most complex.
Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, Composite
The Greek phrase γνοθε σεαυτον was found where? Translate it into Latin and then English.
Temet nosce: Know yourself – Temple of Apollo at Delphi
Explain the art of auspicy: explain WHERE augurs looked for signs, name two SPECIFIC animals that were especially important, and provide the NAME of their staff.
Augurs looked to the skies (birds, lightning). Vultures, eagles, ravens, sacred chickens were important; the staff to divide the sky was called a lituus.