BSA 2016 Tenderfoot First Aid

Common Stuff

100

Ideally, minor cuts or scrapes should be treated using which items? Name 3 of them.

Water, soap, antiseptic, clean gauze, bandages.

200

Bacteria may cause a wound to become more painful over time, puff up and swell, create redness, or ooze a gooey yellow or green puss. Without proper treatment this can be serious!
What is this condition called?

An infection.

300

A painful bump is on your skin. It may be from too much friction or from a burn. Many people get one on a heel or ankle when wearing brand new shoes. It contains transparent liquid. What is it?

A blister.

400

A "hot spot" is an area of skin that starts to feel tender and slightly painful. This pain lets you know that a problem is starting. If you ignore it what can happen?

A "hot spot" can become a blister, so stop what you're doing immediately and try to prevent further damage. Adjust or change socks or shoes (or gloves) or apply protective bandage or wrapping.

500

A nosebleed can usually be stopped within 10-15 minutes. Name 3 things you can do to help stop the blood flow.

Tilt the head forward, squeeze upper lip, pinch high on the nose, hold something cold against the nose.

What's Eating You?

100

True or False: when someone is stung by a bee or wasp, you should squeeze the wound to get the stinger out.

False. Squeezing may force more venom into the skin from the sac attached to the stinger. Use the edge of a knife, fingernail, or credit card to scrape off the stinger.

200

Yes or No: can a snake bite give you rabies?

No. Cold-blooded creatures do not carry rabies.

Clean minor puncture wounds from a non-venomous reptile with soap and water, and apply antiseptic to prevent infection. Seek medical attention if it becomes infected.

300

I am a super tiny insect found in some outdoor areas that causes intense itching. I inject your skin with a substance that makes it easier for me to chew it. You can get rid of me by showering and washing your clothes in hot water. Lotions can relieve the itching I cause. What am I?

A chigger.

400

A spider bites you and gets away. You do not know if it is a poisonous spider. Spider bites may be mild and require no treatment, or may be more serious and require medical attention.

Name 4 symptoms you could get from a spider bite that could be a cause for concern.

sweating, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, severe cramps, muscle spasms, muscle pain, redness/puffiness/swelling, fever, difficulty swallowing

500

Most ticks do not spread disease, but some do! Remove the tick with tweezers close to the skin and gently pull until it comes loose. Clean the wound with soap, water and antiseptic. See a doctor if you feel sick or if a rash develops in the near future.

Name one disease you could get from an infected tick.

Lyme disease. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever.

Burning Questions

100

Even though sunburn heals, life-long change may occur below the skin. Repeated sunburns can put you at increased risk for skin cancers and premature skin aging.

If you do get sunburned, what can you do or use to help reduce the discomfort and relieve pain? Name 3 ideas.

Apply cool water (shower, bath, cold compress, wet clothing).
Apply aloe or topical sprays, creams or ointments.
Drink plenty of cool water and sports drinks.
Take a pain reliever such as aspirin, ibuprofen, Tylenol, etc.

200

Name the difference between a first degree burn and a second degree burn?

With a first degree burn, only the skin color changes to a pink or red color while a second degree burn also has blisters.

300

Should you apply sprays, creams or ointments onto a second degree burn? Why or why not?

No, only apply on first-degree burns.

Do NOT apply any sprays, creams or ointments onto second or third degree burns because there is blistered or broken skin whereby infection can occur.

400

A third degree burn damages not only the skin but also kills body tissue. Dead areas may turn black. The victim may not feel pain because of nerve damage. If a burn victim's clothes are burned, should you remove them? State the reason why or why not.

No, because clothing may be stuck in the burned skin.

500

In some cases, a sunburn can be severe enough to seek medical help. In addition to skin redness and pain, name 2 or more signs of severe sunburn.

Facial swelling, blistering, headache, weakness, confusion, fever or chills.

Don’t pop blisters or use ointment, it can lead to infection!
Medical help may be needed for severe sunburn!

Frosty-Freeze

100

What do the words hypothermia and hyperthermia mean?

Hypothermia means too little heat while hyperthermia means too much heat.

200

Frostnip is an uncomfortable cooling of body tissues without destruction. Frostbite involves tissue destruction. Name 3 symptoms of frostnip or frostbite.

A cold sensation becomes discomfort, then numbness. Frostbite freezes body tissue solid, turning it hard and pale. Frozen tissue dies and turns black after thawing.

Feeling cold, pins and needles or stinging or burning sensations, numbness, no sensation once nerves die.

Red or blue colored skin from poor circulation, then white or "waxy" when frozen.

Also common: blistering

300

Dehydration can happen in any temperature. It occurs when too much moisture leaves your body. Water leaves your body through breathing, sweating, urination, digestion, and vomiting.
Name 4 symptoms a person can experience from dehydration.

Thirst. Dark urine or decreased urine. Weakness or tiredness. Headache. Body aches. Cramps. Dry lips or skin. No sweat production. Nausea. Loss of appetite. Confusion. Dizziness. Fainting.

400

Hypothermia can occur when a body loses more heat than it is able to generate. The temperature does not have to be freezing; hypothermia can develop when a person remains in cold water, rain or air for long periods of time.

Name 3 symptoms you may notice about someone beginning to experience hypothermia?

• Shivering • Shakiness (difficult to control their muscles) • Numbness • Tiredness • Confusion • Bad Decision Making

500

If a person has hypothermia, name 4 different ways you can help them.

• Bring them to a warm area or fire
• Replace cold wet clothing with dry clothing or blankets
• Apply heating pads or other sources of warmth
• Provide warm non-caffeinated liquids to drink
• Submerge them in slightly-warm (not hot) water

What Happens?

100

Remove rings and other jewelry from a bite victim right away because venom, infection, or allergic reaction can cause what to happen?

It can cause swelling of the body, especially areas near the bite wound.

200

A person who is injured may panic, and his body may respond to the situation by going into 'shock'. So lie the victim down, elevate the feet higher than the head, and warm or cool the victim as appropriate.

What happens to a person experiencing shock?
Name 3 possible symptoms.

Restlessness. Irritability. Weakness. Confusion. Fear. Anxiety. Dizziness. Nausea. Vomiting. Extreme Thirst. Unusual breathing. Pale skin. Clammy skin. Sweating. Fainting.

300

How can you tell if a person is choking?
Name 3 possible symptoms.

The victim struggles to breathe or talk.
He or she may grab at their throat.
There may be coughing, or gagging, or no sound at all.
The face may turn red or blue from lack of oxygen.
The victim may fall down.

400

When a venomous snake or spider bites, call '911'. You can also call a special phone number to get poison assistance.

What is the phone number to call for Poison Help?

500

A person is choking on an object. Name 3 ways you can assist the victim to remove the object and restore breathing.

Lean the victim forward and pat firmly on upper back. Perform abdominal thrusts from behind (or from above if victim is lying down). Try to remove the object with fingers only if individual is unconscious.