Simple Aspect
Fully conjugate the verb "teach" in the simple present tense (I, you [singular], he/she/it, we, you [plural], they [singular or plural])
I teach, you teach, he/she/it teaches, we teach, you teach, they teach.
What is the auxiliary verb and the present participle in the progressive aspect (consistent in all tenses)?
Auxiliary verb: be (conjugated to fit the tense and subject)
Present participle: V-ing / "[Verb]ing"
What is the conceptual meaning of the perfect aspect? When is it used?
Communicates a ...
a) prior event/situation
that is ...
b) important to another reference point/time (in the present, past, or future)
Define the progressive perfect aspect. When is it used?
It combines the core features of the progressive and perfect aspects, depicting an ongoing, unstable/changeable event that is relative and prior to a reference point in the present, past, or future.
Identify the tense used in the following example: "Old Navy’s sale ends tomorrow at 8:00 p.m."
Present tense (special use to mark future events).
Even though the event takes place in the future (tomorrow), the verb (ends) is in the present tense.
What is the difference between the conceptual meanings of the simple present and the present progressive? What situations are they used in?
Both deal with stability and/or the expectation of change
Simple present: Used when the verb indicates to something stable/typical, not expected to change
Present progressive: Used when the verb indicates to something not stable/typical, expected to change
Provide an example sentence in the future perfect.
"will have" + past participle of the verb [V-en, V-ed, irregular form]
Typically includes a temporal expression to connect the future expectation (important prior event) to the targeted time period (future reference point) --> ex: by next year, a decade from now
Example: By next month, I will have seen Taylor Swift perform 13 times.
Transform the sentence "I studied for three hours" from simple past into past progressive perfect. How does this change the meaning of the sentence?
Past progressive perfect: "I had been studying for three hours"
The sentence is incomplete, implying a relative later action (perfect aspect) that changes/disrupts the ongoing action (progressive aspect).
In other words, the ongoing action of studying occurs prior to an unknown, related action that changes the situation.
Rewrite the following series of events on the present axis (in present tense), beginning with the bolded event as your reference point (the "now"):
"San gets out of bed. He has a shower and gets dressed. He has breakfast and then brushes his teeth. He gets to the train station at 6:15. He gets to school at 7:25 and has to wait half an hour for class."
***Hint: Start your rewritten reference point sentence with "when"
To remain situated in the present axis (keep a consistent tense), you must:
- change the prior events from the simple present into the present perfect (cannot switch into past axis/use simple past)
- keep the reference point event in the simple present.
- keep the later events in the simple present (cannot switch into future axis/use simple future)
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Haccius' Example (2002):
"When San gets to the station at 6:15, he has gotten out of bed, has had a shower and has gotten dressed. He has had his breakfast and has brushed his teeth. He gets to school at 7:25 and has to wait half an hour for class."