Carbohydrates
Name 3 foods that are high in carbohydrates.
Bread, fruit, pasta
Name 3 foods high in fat.
BONUS! 500 Points!
Name 3 foods high in protein.
Chicken, eggs, beans
What is starch?
A type of carbohydrate. A polysaccharide. Energy stores of plants.
What ratio is ideal for Omega-6 and Omega-3 fatty acids?
4:1
BONUS! 500 Points!
What is a polysaccharide?
Multiple 5-carbon rings (monosaccharides) linked together.
Draw an unsaturated fatty acid on the board.
Drawing should have a long chain of carbons, with at least one double bond. Hydrogens surround the carbons.
What is an amino acid? How many are there?
The building blocks of proteins. 20 amino acids.
How do we quantify energy in food? What is the unit we use?
Calorie
BONUS! 500 Points!
Some chefs say, "Fat is __________!"
flavor!
What types of carbohydrates are found in honey?
Monosaccharides-- fructose and glucose
Name 2 purposes of fat in the body.
Building block of hormones, building block of cell membranes, long-term energy
What is the difference between essential and nonessential amino acids?
Essential amino acids cannot be made by the body and must be obtained through the diet.
BONUS! 500 Points!
Define metabolism.
The sum total of all chemical reactions happening in the body.
Why is a cup of orange juice different nutritionally than an orange?
The orange contains fiber, which takes longer to digest and thus prevents a spike and crash in blood sugar.
What is glycogen and where is it found?
Glycogen is a highly branched molecule composed of glucose subunits. Created by the liver to store energy.
What are essential fatty acids? Name the 2 discussed in class.
Fatty acids that cannot be made by the body and must be obtained in the diet. Omega-6 and Omega-3.
Place the following macronutrients in the order that they are used by the body: fat, carbohydrates, protein.
Carbohydrates, fat, protein
Low blood sugar. Eating meals with all 3 macronutrients prevents a spike (and then crash) in blood sugar.
Place the following fats in order from highest saturated fat to lowest saturated fat: fish oil, lard, chicken fat.
Lard (4 legs), chicken fat (2 legs), fish oil (no legs)
What causes the body to "crash" after eating a lot of sugar?
When sugar is eaten, the body responds by releasing insulin. Insulin unlocks cells so they can take up the glucose in the bloodstream. But the body overshoots! It removes too much sugar from the blood, causing a crash in glycemic index.
Why are unsaturated fats liquid at room temperature?
Their kinked structure (due to the double bond) makes them difficult to stack.
What is a complete protein? Give 2 examples.
Foods that contain all 9 essential amino acids. Meat, milk, eggs, tofu, quinoa, buckwheat
Define LDL.
Low-density Lipoproteins. These are packages that contain more fat than protein and can cause a build-up of plaque in the arteries.
Give two specific examples of saturated fat.
Stearic acid, palmitic acid.