Unit 1-2
Why are sea turtles sometimes referred to as “the dinosaurs of the sea” according to paragraph 1?
Because they are one of the oldest reptile groups in the world / They have been in the oceans for over 100 million years.
Using the zooming-out strategy, summarise what the text is mainly about.
The passage explains the importance of sea turtles in the ocean ecosystem and describes the many threats especially from humans that endanger their survival.
What is the author’s purpose in writing this article?
To inform readers about the threats facing sea turtles and to raise awareness about human activities endangering them.
Identify a word from in paragraph 1 that means the same as 'travel'.
venture
Focusing closely on the section about tourism, identify two ways in which tourist activities make it harder for hatchlings to survive.
Building developments near nesting beaches impact hatchings; artificial light affects the hatchlings’ navigational skills; litter causes obstacles when hatchlings are making for the sea.
With reference to the aim, register, and text form, who would be interested in reading this text? Explain your answer.
The text is an informative, formal article, so it would interest students, environmentalists, teachers, and the general public who want to learn about marine conservation, because it provides clear facts and explanations about turtle endangerment.
How do turtles help the food chain by eating sea sponges, according to paragraph 2?
Eating sea sponges provides food and habitats by protecting coral reefs.
Explain the meaning of the phrase 'variety of reasons' in paragraph 1.
It means many different explanations / causes.
Use your own words to explain what the writer means by each of the words in bold:
'They are also susceptible to the damaging effects of plastic in the oceans.'
Easily harmed or affected by something.
Explain the meaning if 'human interference' in paragraph 4.
People meddling with / getting involved with / trespassing on / the turtle’s habits / habitat.
What emotion does the writer express in the phrase “ignorant and thoughtless behaviour,” and how does the writer evoke it?
The writer expresses disapproval and frustration, using harsh, critical words to highlight the careless actions of tourists that harm turtles.
Use your own words to explain what the writer means by each of the words in bold:
'Hatchlings can become disoriented by discarded items as they make their way to the sea.'
Confused and unable to find the correct direction.
What can you infer about the impact of plastic debris on marine life besides turtles?
Since turtles mistake plastic for food and get entangled in it, it can be inferred that other marine animals also face similar risks, making plastic pollution harmful to the entire ocean ecosystem.
From Paragraph 3, choose two powerful words or phrases and explain how they show the writer’s concern for endangered turtles.
“ignorant and thoughtless behaviour” – strongly criticises the careless actions of tourists, showing the writer’s frustration and concern.
“artificial light spills” – suggests harmful intrusion into the natural world, emphasising how human development disrupts turtle survival.
Make an outline
You are taking part in an environmental campaign to protect sea turtles, which are increasingly threatened by pollution, careless tourism, and human interference during nesting season. You will give a speech to your school community to encourage them to take action.
In your speech:
explain why sea turtles are important to the ocean ecosystem
describe the dangers they face because of human behaviour
persuade your audience to help by changing daily habits, supporting conservation efforts, and practising responsible tourism
Use your own words to write the speech.
Write about 250–300 words.
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