Meiosis
Name the 4 major processes in Meiosis (Hint: PMAT)?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Name the four nucleotide bases in the DNA structure? (BONUS POINTS: name the fifth nucleotide pair)
Guanine
Cytosine
Adenine
Thymine
If an individual is Heterozygous, how would you represent that using the letter B?
Bb
What shape represents a male and female individual in a pedigree chart?
Male - Square
Female - Circle
If a trait is predominantly affecting males, is that x-linked or autosomal?
X-linked
How many divisions occur in meiosis, and what are they called? And what are they called (BONUS POINTS 100)
There are two divisions: Meiosis I and Meiosis II.
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What does a Punnett square show?
It shows the possible offspring from a genetic cross.
What is a pedigree chart used for?
It is used to show how a trait is passed through generations in a family.
What is a phenotype? Bonus Points: What is a genotype
The observable traits of an organism (what it looks like).
The genetic makeup of an organism (the alleles it has).
Are the cells produced by meiosis genetically identical or different?
They are genetically different
Where is DNA found in the cell?
In the nucleus
If T = tall and t = short, which trait is dominant?
Tall (T)
If two parents do not show a trait but their child does, is the trait likely dominant or recessive?
Recessive.
If an organism has the genotype tt, what will its phenotype be (T = tall)?
Short
How many cells are produced at the end of meiosis?
4 cells are produced
What would the corresponding base pair sequence AATGCAAGGGGCT?
TTACGTTCCCCGA
How many boxes are in a simple Punnett square?
4 boxes
What does a horizontal line between two individuals represent?
A mating or marriage.
If a pea plant is homozygous recessive for flower color (pp), what is its phenotype?
It will show the recessive trait (e.g., purple or white depending on the trait definition).
Where in the body does meiosis occur?
In the reproductive organs
What is a mutation?
A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence.
If you cross TT × tt, what are the offspring genotypes?
All Tt.
In a pedigree, two unaffected parents have an affected child. What are the most likely genotypes of the parents?
Both parents are heterozygous carriers (e.g. Aa).
In the same cross (Tt × Tt), what are the possible phenotypes and their ratio?
Tall : Short = 3 : 1.