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100
What is Federation?
The joining of colonies to form one nation under it's own government.
100
What date did Australia's Federation occur?
January 1st, 1901
100
Name one major problem caused by the colonies having different railway gauges.
Trains could not travel freely across colonial borders / passengers and goods often had to change trains.
100
What name is Henry Parkes affectionately known as?
The Father of Federation
100
How many Australian colonies joined together at Federation?
6
100
What was terra nullius?
The idea that Australia belonged to no one before British occupation and could therefore be claimed by Britain.
200
Which colony had the largest population at the time of Federation?
NSW
200
What is the name given to taxes charged on goods moving between colonies?
Tariffs
200
Which country's Parliament had to approve the Australian Constitution before Federation could occur?
Britain
200
What famous speech did Henry Parkes give in 1889 calling for Federation?
The Tenterfield Oration
200
What is the name for the set of rules that explains how Australia is governed?
The Australian Constitution
200
What was the name given to the immigration policy introduced soon after Federation?
The White Australia policy
300
What problem did the colonies have with defence before Federation?
Each colony had its own small defence force, making protection difficult.
300
How did voters decide whether they supported the proposed Constitution?
By voting in referendums
300
What is the name given to a vote in which eligible voters decide on a particular proposal or question?
Referendum
300
Which city served as the temporary national capital after Federation?
Melbourne
300
Which Australian colony was the last to vote to join the Federation?
Western Australia
300
Which two colonies were the main rivals over where the national capital should be located?
New South Wales and Victoria
400
Why was equal representation in the Senate important to the smaller colonies?
It prevented the more populous states from dominating the federal Parliament
400
This British monarch gave her assent to Federation. Who was she?
Queen Victoria
400
What was a major cause of frontier conflict during the 1800s?
The expansion of British settlement onto Aboriginal land.
400
Name two reasons some people opposed Federation?
Loss of colonial independence - fear their colony would lose powers to a new federal government
Protectionism – colonies worried that allowing free trade between the colonies would harm their industries
Fear that a federal government would be dominated by the larger colonies
400
Name two main reasons why some Australians wanted to control immigration more tightly?
Employment: They argued that lower-paid imported labour, for example from China and the Pacific Island, created unfair competition for Australian workers.
Culture: Many Australians wanted the developing nation to retain its predominantly British language, institutions and cultural character.
400
Who was Edmund Barton?
Australia's first Prime Minister
500
Which colony was originally known as Van Diemen's Land?
Tasmania
500
What is the connection between the increase in number of Australian-born people and Federation?
As more people were born in Australia, a stronger Australian identity developed, increasing support for the colonies uniting as one nation.
500
What was unusual about the Myall Creek massacre?
Seven white stockmen were convicted and executed for murdering Aboriginal people—an extremely rare outcome in 19th century Australia.
500
Who is this?
Australia's first Prime Minister, Edmund Barton
500
Why is it difficult to determine exactly how many people died in the Frontier Wars?
Many killings were not officially recorded and records are incomplete.
500
How does the Senate prevent the domination of larger states?
The Senate gives every state the same number of senators, regardless of population.