Epidemiology
Pathogen
what is any virus, bacteria, fungus, or parasite
Index case
what is the first disease case brought to the attention of the epidemiologist
Active carrier
what is an individual who has been exposed to and harbors a disease-causing organism (pathogen) and who has done so for some time, even though the person may have recovered from the disease.
Direct Transmission
what is the direct and immediate transfer of an infectious agent from one person to another.
Primary prevention
what is preventing a disease or disorder before it happens.
Vector
what is an invertebrate animal
Endemic
what is the ongoing, usual, or constant presence of a disease in a community or among a group of people
Healthy or passive carriers
what is an individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen but has not become ill or shown any of the symptoms of the disease.
Indirect Transmission
what is an agent is transferred or carried by some intermediate item, organism, means, or process to a susceptible host, resulting in disease.
Active primary prevention
what is requires behavior change on the part of the individual
Epidemiology
what is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in human populations and the application of this study to the prevention and control of health problems
Epidemic
what is the occurrence of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health-related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy in a community or region.
Convalescent carrier
what is an individual who harbors a pathogen and who, although in the recovery phase of the course of the disease, is still infectious.
Airborne transmission
what is when droplets or dust particles carry the pathogen to the host and cause infection
Passive primary prevention
what is does not require behavior change on the part of the individual
Descriptive Epidemiology
what is the characterization of the distribution of health-related states or events.
Pandemic
what is an epidemic affecting or attacking the population of an extensive region, country, or continent
Incubatory carrier
what is an individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen, is in the beginning stages of the disease, is displaying symptoms, and has the ability to transmit the disease
Vector-borne transmission
what is when an arthropod (e.g., mosquito, flea, tick, lice) conveys the infection agent.
Secondary prevention
what is the health screening and detection activities used to identify disease
Analytic Epidemiology
what is the finding and quantifying associations, testing hypotheses, and identifying causes of health-related states or events.
Epidemiology Triangle
what is multitude of epidemiologic circumstances allowed such epidemics to happen
Intermittent carrier
what is an individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen and who can spread the disease in different places or at different intervals.
Biological Transmission
what is when the pathogen undergoes changes as part of its life cycle while within the host/vector and before being transmitted to the new host.
Tertiary prevention
what is limiting any disability by providing rehabilitation when a disease, injury, or disorder has already occurred and caused damage.