Disease outbreaks
An outbreak where disease growth is exponential and widespread
What is a pandemic?
An individual directly exposed to the outbreak source who then spread the disease to others
What is a primary case?
An individual who carries an infectious agent or disease.
What is a carrier?
When a disease is transmitted through direct physical contact between an infected individual and a healthy individual.
What is direct transmission?
A method that prevents disease before it occurs
What is primary prevention?
A sudden increase of disease occurrence within a population or region
What is an epidemic?
An individual that contracts a disease from other previously infected individuals carrying the disease.
What is a secondary case?
A carrier who does not exhibit symptoms while infected
What is a passive carrier?
When a disease is transmitted indirectly through infectious droplets, germs, contaminated materials, and other exposure to infectious microorganisms.
What is indirect transmission?
A method that screens for or reduces the early impact of a disease or condition that has just occurred
What is secondary prevention?
Describes a disease or condition regularly present among a specific population or region
What is endemic?
The first documented patient of a disease outbreak
What is an index case?
Individuals who have recovered from a disease but still have the ability to infect others.
What are Convalescent carriers?
Transmission of disease commonly transmitted from insects to humans and other animals.
What is vector-borne transmission?
A method focused on rehabilitation and preventing the progression of disease after it has occurred.
What is tertiary prevention?
Describes an outbreak where infected individuals were exposed to a common agent
What is common-source?
A case that is currently awaiting laboratory confirmation on the presence of a disease within an individual that is exhibiting common symptoms.
What is a suspect case?
Individuals who can spread a disease during the incubation period before symptoms begin
What are incubatory carriers?
Transmission of disease specifically spread through infectious air particles and droplets that remain suspended in air.
What is airborne transmission?
A primary prevention method that does not require action by individuals for protection against a disease or condition to be present.
What is passive primary prevention?
Describes an outbreak where infected individuals spread disease from person to person
What is propagated?
A standardized set of criteria that classifies if an individual carries a disease or is affected by a health condition.
What is a case definition?
Individuals who carry infectious agents from time to time but not in a continuous manner.
What are intermittent carriers?
Transmission of disease where the infectious agent must develop/incubate within the vector before transmission.
What is biological transmission?
A primary prevention method that does require action by individuals for protection against a disease or condition to be present. Ex: lifestyle changes
What is active primary prevention?