Epidemiology
Field of science that studies health problems within populations
What is Epidemiology?
The occurrence of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health-related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy in a community or region.
What is epidemic?
Individual who has been exposed to and harbors a disease-causing organism (pathogen) and who has done so for some time, even though the person may have recovered from the disease.
What is active carrier?
The direct and immediate transfer of an infectious agent from one person to another.
What is direct transmission?
A person in a population who has been identified as having a particular disease, disorder, injury, or condition.
What is case?
Involves findings and quantifying associations, testing hypotheses, and identifying causes of health-related states or events
What is analytical epidemiology?
An epidemic affecting or attacking the population of an extensive region, country, or continent
What is pandemic?
Individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen but has not become ill or shown any of the symptoms of the disease. This could be referred to as a subclinical case.
What is healthy or passive carrier?
Occurs when an agent is transferred or carried by some intermediate item, organism, means, or process to a susceptible host, resulting in disease
What is indirect transmission?
The first disease case brought to the attention of the epidemiologist
What is index case?
Involves characterization of the distribution of health-related states or events.
What is descriptive epidemiology?
This refers to the ongoing, usual, or constant presence of a dis-ease in a community or among a group of people; a disease is said to be endemic when it continually prevails in a region.
What is endemic?
Individual who harbors a pathogen and who, although in the recovery phase of the course of the disease, is still infectious.
What is convalescent carrier?
When an arthropod (e.g., mosquito, flea, tick, lice) conveys the infection agent.
What is vector-borne transmission?
In an epidemic, the first disease case in the population
What is primary case?
Arise from a specific source and tend to result in cases occurring more rapidly during the initial phase
What is common-source?
Arise from infections transmitted from one infected person to another.
What is propagated?
Individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen, is in the beginning stages of the disease, is displaying symptoms, and has the ability to transmit the disease.
What is incubatory carrier?
Related to fomites, food, or water that acts as a conveyance.
What is vehicle-borne transmission?
Those persons who become infected and ill after a disease has been introduced into a population and who become infected from contact with the primary case
A model of disease causation that helps us understand the interrelated nature of factors that contribute to disease
What is epidemiology triangle?
This occurs when victims of a common-source epidemic have person-to-person contact with others and spread the dis-ease, resulting in a propagated outbreak.
What is mixed epidemic?
Individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen and who can spread the disease in different places or at different intervals.
What is intermittent carrier?
When the pathogen undergoes changes as part of its life cycle while within the host/vector and before being transmitted to the new host
What is biological transmission?
An individual (or a group of individuals) who has all of the signs and symptoms of a disease or condition yet has not been diagnosed as having the disease or has the cause of the symptoms connected to a suspected pathogen
What is suspect case?