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Epidemic affecting a large number of people in many countries, continents, or region
What is a pandemic?
Ex- Typhoid Mary
What is a Carrier?
is an organism, usually a human or animal that harbors a disease
What is a host in the epidemiology triangle?
Health-related state or event in a defined population above the expected over a given period of time
What is an epidemic?
Persistent, unusual, expected health-related state or event in a defined population over a given of time
What is Endemic?
Absence of illness or individual meets all six dimensions of health
What is health?
The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in the human population, and the application of this study to prevent and control health problems.
What is Epidemiology?
animals transmit a disease to a human
ex; rabies, rocky mountain spotted fever, Shigellosis
What is Zoonosis?
Inanimate intermediate: (HIV/AIDs spread through needle sharing)
What is vehicle-borne?
Invertebrate animals (malaria spread through mosquitoes).
What is Vector-borne transmission?
is a person who has been diagnosed as having a disease, disorder, injury, or condition?
Direct physical contact such as touching with contaminated, skin-to-skin contact, kissing, or sexual intercourse.
What is direct transmission?
Occurs when pathogens or agents are transferred or carried by some intermediate item, organism, means, or process to a susceptible host, resulting in disease.
What is indirect transmission?
What is analytic epidemiology?
Involves study designs used to answer: Who? What? When? Where?
What is descriptive epidemiology?
The index case is the first disease case in the population and the Primary case is the first disease case brought to the attention of the epidemiologist.
What is the difference between Index and Primary case?
Infectious agent - cause
Host-impact exposure susceptibility and response
Environment- Impacts opportunity for exposure
What are the three components of the epidemiology triangle for infectious disease?
a nurse who help create changes in hygiene and overall treatment of patients
What is Florence Nightingale known for?
Active prevention- requires behavior change on part of subject
Passive prevention- does not require behavior change
What is the difference between active and passive prevention?
Common source epidemics- which tend to result in more cases occurring more rapidly sooner than host-to hose epidemic
Anthrax, traced to milk or meat from infected animals is an example of a?
Physical
Social
Mental
Emotional
Spiritual
environmental
What are the 6 dimensions of Health?
Identifying health problems
Hypotheses
Statistical testing
interpretation
Dissemination
What are the 5 steps of the scientific method?
Primary prevention (occurs prior to exposure)
Secondary prevention (occurs to reduce the process of disease)
Tertiary prevention ( reduces the limitation of disability from disease)
Explain what are the three levels of prevention in public health?
Arise from infection being transmitted from one person to another
Transmission can be through indirect routes
Examples- (tuberculosis, whooping cough, influenza, measles)
What are propagated Epidemics? (Give two example)