Methodologies
What is the Grammar-Translation Method?
A traditional method that focuses on learning grammar rules and translating texts between L1 and L2; emphasizes reading/writing over speaking
What are the 6 elements of Bloom's Taxonomy?
Remember, Understand, Apply, Analyze, Evaluate, Create
What are the 4 major phases of the writing process?
1. Prewriting (brainstorming / outlining)
2. Writing (first draft)
3. Revising (second draft)
4. Editing (grammar, vocab, formatting)
What does 'integrated skills' mean?
Teaching two or more language skills (reading, writing, listening, speaking) together in a connected, purposeful way
What are adverse circumstances?
Challenging teaching conditions (e.g., large classes, limited resources, multilevel learners, lack of materials) that teachers must adapt to
What is the audio-lingual method?
A method based on behaviorism that uses drilling, repetition, and habit formation to teach language patterns; emphasizes listening and speaking
Anderson (2021) provided 3 guiding principles of lesson planning. What are they?
1. Articulate a clear learning outcome
2. Desing learning opportunities aligned to the learning outcome
3. Include formative assessment
What are three ways of providing feedback on writing that were discussed in class?
1. Written comments
2. Individual conferences
3. Oral feedback
What is the THIEVES reading strategy?
A pre-reading strategy: Title, Headings, Introduction, Every first sentence, Visuals, End-of-chapter questions, Summary (so what?)
What is the communicative language teaching method?
An approach that prioritizes meaningful communication and functional language use over grammar drills; learners use language for real purposes
How can Bloom's Taxonomy be useful for the planning of lessons and learning objectives?
It helps teachers write tiered objectives at different cognitive levels, ensuring lessons target higher-order thinking, not just recall
What are 3 types of rubrics commonly used to assess writing?
1. Analytic
2. Holistic
3. Check list
What are KWL charts?
A graphic organizer with columns: Know, Want to know, and Learned; activates prior knowledge and guides reading comprehension
What is task-based language teaching?
An approach where learners complete meaningful real-world tasks as the core unit of instruction; focus is on outcome, not form
What is Dornyei's L2 motivational self system?
A motivational theory with 3 components: the Ideal L2 Self, the Ought-to L2 Self, and the L2 Learning Experience
What does it mean for teachers to calibrate? Why do it?
Calibration means aligning scoring judgments across teachers using anchor papers; done to ensure consistency and fairness in assessment
What are the 4 strands in Paul nation's "The 4 Strands"?
Meaning-focused input, Meaning-focused output, Language-focused learning, and Fluency development
What is content-based instruction?
An approach that teaches language through subject matter content (e.g., science, history); language learning is incidental to learning content
What does ROPPPES stand for?
Review
Overview
Present
Practice
Produce/Perform
Evaluate
Summarize
What are the 3 dimensions of Larsen-Freeman's framework on teaching grammar?
Form, Meaning, and Use
What is SQ4R?
A reading strategy: Survey, Question, Read, Reflect, Recite, Review