Terms
What does parens patriae mean?
the state as parent
Under the common law doctrine (the legal system the American colonists brought from England), what was the youngest age a juvenile could receive the same punishment as an adult?
7 years old
According to routine activities theory, what three factors need to be present for a crime to occur?
-Motivated offender
-Suitable target
-Absence of a capable gaurdian
What type of theories seek to explain delinquency based on where it occurs.
Social Structure Theories
What is another name for a "quick fix"?
panace
Any behavior that is prohibited by the juvenile law of a state is called:
delinquency
Under the traditional model, were juveniles capable of forming intent (mens rea)?
No, because juveniles are not as intellectually, socially, or morally developed as adults
What part of the personality represents the identity of the individual and actual behavior?
Ego
What are the 4 elements of social bond?
-attachment
-commitment
-involvement
-belief
What are some of the punishments juveniles receive from teen courts?
Write apology letters, write academic essays, serve on future teen juries, participate in drug or alcohol programs, pay restitution
A _________ would not be considered a crime if committed by an adult.
Status offense
Who were the Child Savers?
Group of progressive reformers in the late 1800s who were responsible for the creation of the juvenile justice system in the US.
Describe the body structure of an mesomorph
muscular, firm, strong
Describe Merton's modes of adaption
Mode of Adaption | Goal ($) | Means (education/job) |
Conformity | + | + |
Ritualism | - | + |
Innovation | + | - |
Retreatism | - | - |
Rebellion | +/- | +/- |
What is the philosophy behind prevention programs?
-teach juveniles the skills they need
-educate juveniles so they will not recidivate
-provide programs to occupy a juvenile’s time so that they will not commit crimes
What is a hearing called in the juvenile court system?
An Adjudication
Name an explanation for the general decline in juvenile crime beginning in 1994
- Shift to the Punitive Model
-Societal changes in values
-community policing
-increased capacity to deal with juvenile offenders
What school of criminology believes behavior is beyond the individuals control?
Positive School
What are the 5 techniques of neutralization?
-Denial of Responsibility
-Denial of Injury
-Denial of Victim
-Condemn the Condemners
-Appeal to High Loyalties
___________is an example of a holistic program that attempts to build and enhance the juvenile’s interactions with their families, peers, teachers, and other members of the community.
Families and Schools Together
What is the procedure by which juvenile court staff decides whether to process the case further in court, handle the case informally, or dismiss the case?
Intake
What was the first American institution to address juvenile issues?
Walnut Street Jail
What does atavism mean?
Reversion to a primitive type
If lower-class students fail at school, they will not be able to attain their goal of middle-class status.
What is this called?
Status Frustration
What is the SHIELD program?
Use the contacts that police officers make in the course of their duties to identify youth who are at risk of becoming involved in violent behavior, gangs, substance abuse, or other delinquent activities.