test 1, pt 2

general

100

what are the functions of the cardiovascular system 

1. transport O₂ & nutrients to tissues 

2. remove waste

3. regulate body temp

200

what are the four chambers of the heart called

1. tricuspid valve/right atrioventricular valve

2. bicuspid/left atrioventricular valve/mitral valve

3. pulmonary semilunar valve 

4. aortic semilunar valve

300

what are the three layers of the heart wall?

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium 

400

what allows for one way blood flow in veins 

venous valves

500

describe the pulmonary circuit? the systemic circuit? 

1. pulmonary circuit (heart & lungs); pumps blood from RV --> lungs via pulmonary arteries; returns oxygenated blood to LA via pulmonary veins 

2. systemic circuit (heart & tissues); pumps oxygenated blood from LV --> body via aorta; returns deoxygenated blood to RA via vena cava 

heart anatomy

100

this part of the heart provides the contractile force. "power pumps"

ventricles 

200

this side of the heart pumps blood to the systemic circuit 

left side

300

what are the three vessels that enter the right atrium

1. superior vena cava

2. inferior cena cava 

3. coronary sinus 

400

which curiums is short & low pressure, which encounters resistance 

1. pulmonary circuit 

2. systemic circuit 

500

what is the purpose of coronary circulation 

to provide functional blood supply to heart muscle 

conduction

100

what is the pacemaker of the heart, ~ how many bpm?

sinoatrial node, ~75 bpm

200

what is the sequence of the intrinsic conduction system

1. sinoatrial node 

2. atrioventricular node 

3. atrioventricular bundle 

4. right and left bundle branches 

5. subendocardial conduction network (purkinje fibers)

300

what does the QRS complex represent on an ECG?

ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization 

400

what is the delay of the AV node, relative to the SA node; ~ how many bpm 

delay of ~0.1 sec; 50 bpm in the absence of SA node input 

500

this ECG reading shows absent P waves and a heart beat of 40-60 bpm

junctional rhythm 

mechanics of the heart

100

what is systole? diastole?

1. systole - heart contraction 

2. diastole - heart relaxation 

200

what is the equation for stroke volume

SV = EDV - ESV

300

what occurs during the ventricle systolic phase of the cardiac cycle 

Ventricular systole is the 2nd stage of the cardiac cycle

a. isovolumentric contraction 

b. ventricular ejection 

400

during what phase is the 1^st heart sound? the 2^nd? 

1. isovolumetric contraction (part of ventricular systole) 

2. isovolumetric relaxation (early diastole)

500

what is the end diastolic volume (EDV)

volume of blood in each ventricle at the end of ventricular diastole

misc

100

these are the most numerous WBCs, they are very phagocytic 

neutrophils 

200

T/F - steroid hormones are stored in cells 

F - they are rapidly synthesized when needed 

300

ADH is inhibited by this

alcohol

400

this endocrine gland shrinks with age

thymus 

500

this stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids 

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)