Writing and Planning
What does IRC stand for in writing?
Introduction, Reasons, Conclusion
Which POV uses “I” or “we”?
First person
What two parts make up a story’s setting?
Time and Place
Which type is this: “She was smart and curious”?
Direct characterization
Which type of character never changes in the story?
Static character
What is expository writing?
Writing that explains, informs, or gives facts about a topic.
Which POV directly addresses the reader using “you”?
Second person
Give one example of a physical trait and one example of a personality trait.
Answers may vary but here is an example:
Physical = tall; Personality = honest
Which type is this: “He stayed up late every night studying, even after the others went to bed”?
Indirect characterization
Which type of character grows, learns, or changes during the story?
Dynamic character
What are the 3 main parts of an introduction paragraph?
Hook/Topic Sentence, Reasons, Closing Statement.
What’s the difference between 3rd person limited and omniscient?
Limited = narrator knows thoughts of one character; Omniscient = narrator knows all characters’ thoughts
True or False: A character’s setting can affect their personality and choices.
True
"Lila slammed the door and stomped down the hallway after hearing the news." Is this direct or indirect characterization, and what does it show about Lila?
Indirect characterization because it shows Lila is angry or frustrated through her actions rather than telling the reader directly.
A character shown with many traits and depth is called what?
Round character
Which type of hook is this: “Imagine a world where everyone wore the same outfit to school”?
Setting the scene or question hook
“She walked down the street, unaware that her neighbor was watching from the window.” What POV is this?
Third person limited
How can a story’s setting influence a character’s actions, decisions, and the plot? Provide an example.
The setting affects what happens in the story, how characters behave, and the decisions they make. For example, a stormy night might force a character to act quickly, or a busy city could create challenges they must navigate.
In this sentence, what’s revealed indirectly?
“Maria clenched her fists and glared when she lost the game.”
She is angry/frustrated, possibly competitive
A playful, reckless friend who highlights how serious the protagonist is would be what type of character?
Foil character
Put these sentences in order to create a strong introduction:
“Schools should ban junk food because it harms student health and makes it harder to focus.”
“Imagine eating chips and soda every day for lunch—how would you feel?”
“Clearly, banning junk food is a smart step for schools to support learning and health.”
2 (hook), 1 (claim/reasons), 3 (closing statement)
"Emma peeked around the corner, wondering if anyone had seen her. Across the room, Jake smiled to himself, thinking about the surprise he had planned. Outside, the neighbors whispered about the strange lights coming from the windows."
What point of view is this and explain how you know.
Third person omniscient. The narrator knows the thoughts of multiple characters (Emma and Jake) and shows what the neighbors are observing. Not first person because no “I” is used; not second person because it doesn’t address the reader as “you.”
A story takes place in a desert during a severe heatwave. The main character must travel across it to find water. How does the setting influence the character’s actions and the story’s events?
Possible answer:
The desert setting creates challenges that force the character to make careful decisions, face obstacles, and take actions to survive. The harsh environment drives the plot and shapes how the story unfolds.
Which is more powerful for readers: direct or indirect characterization? Why?
Indirect, because it shows traits through actions and lets readers infer
A character starts the story selfish and cruel. By the end, they’ve learned empathy and become generous. At the same time, they’re shown with lots of traits, strengths, and flaws.
What two character types does this character represent?
Dynamic and Round