Rome
What type of government did Rome have before becoming an empire?
A Republic
What is a polis?
A Greek city-state
What river was the center of life in ancient Egypt?
The Nile River
Which continent was Egypt located on?
Africa
Which civilization created democracy
Ancient Greece (Athens)
What structure carried water into Roman cities?
Aqueducts
What city-state was known for its military?
Sparta
What was the title of Egypt’s king-god ruler?
Pharaoh
What sea connected Greece and Rome?
The Mediterranean Sea
Which civilization built pyramids?
Ancient Egypt
What general crossed the Rubicon and changed Rome forever?
Julius Caesar
Who was the “father of democracy”?
Cleisthenes
What purpose did pyramids serve in the Old Kingdom?
They were tombs for pharaohs
What natural barrier protected Greece from large, unified empires?
Mountains
Which civilization built roads that connected an empire?
Ancient Rome
What were the Punic Wars fought over?
Control of trade and territory in the Mediterranean (especially Carthage/Sicily)
What was the main purpose of Greek mythology?
To explain natural events, human behavior, and the world
What writing system did Egyptians use?
Hieroglyphics
Why did the Nile River flood predictably?
Seasonal rains and snowmelt from East Africa
What leader spread Greek culture across three continents?
Alexander the Great
Name one cause of the fall of the Western Roman Empire.
Barbarian invasions, corruption, economic decline, weak leadership
Name one Greek philosopher and one idea they taught.
Socrates → question everything
Plato → ideal forms/government
Aristotle → logic, scientific observation
What was the main reason Egypt was hard to invade?
Natural barriers (deserts, cataracts, Mediterranean/Red Seas)
How did Italy’s central location help Roman trade?
It allowed Rome to control Mediterranean trade routes
What was cultural diffusion? Provide an example.
The spreading of ideas, beliefs, or technologies between cultures.
Explain one way Roman engineering contributed to Rome’s expansion.
Roads moved armies quickly; aqueducts supported city growth; arches allowed strong structures, etc.
Explain how the Persian Wars led to the Golden Age of Athens.
Athens became powerful, formed the Delian League, gained resources, and expanded culture/art.
Explain one major achievement of the New Kingdom and why it mattered.
Military expansion, construction projects, advances in trade, powerful pharaohs like Hatshepsut and Ramses II.
Compare how geography shaped Egypt and Greece.
Egypt had predictable flooding and fertile land → stable farming civilization; Greece had mountains and islands → independent city-states and sea trade.
Compare the religions of Egypt, Greece, and Rome.
All polytheistic; Egypt had gods tied to nature & afterlife; Greece had anthropomorphic gods; Rome adopted Greek gods but renamed them.