Definitions
What is a homonym?
Words of radically different meaning that share a word form. They either have the same spelling, or the same pronunciation, or both
Dead and alive... are these terms examples of gradable or nongradable antonyms?
Nongradable
1. Provides a set of possible meanings
2. Concerned with the choice among the semantic possibilities
1. Semantics
2. Pragmatics
What is a hypernym (subordinate or superordinate)?
Superordinate
Define euphemism
It is a word or phrase meant to sound better than the literal alternative
"See you tomorrow" is an example of what kind of deixis?
Temporal
____: start as neutral and end up pejorative or dysphemistic
____: development of positive or socially accepted terms from negative or socially unacceptable terms
1. Pejoration
2. Amelioration
What skills help us make sense of the world?
Cognitive skills
What arises when words can be ordered on a semantic scale?
Scalar implicature
Chair, desk, pencil, computer... these are examples of things that are in the same what?
1.___: words that have the same pronunciation
2.___: words that share the same form
1.Homophones
2.Homographs
What is a fixed expression?
It is an expression whose meaning is understood through a shared cultural context
Define connotative meaning
Connotative meaning is determined by speaker experience and intention, hearer reaction, context, and shared cultural understanding
"Is that meant to keep us in or keep them out" is an example of what sort of difference?
Difference in semantics
Priming tests the activation of the ____ in our brains
lexicon
Name the three types of deixis
Spatial deixis
Ex. “this” and “that”
Personal deixis
Ex. “I” and “you”
Temporal deixis
Ex. “now” and “later”
___ are something that thrive on similarities between fundamentally dissimilar things
Metaphors
An idiom
1. ___ are abstract, not tied to contexts
2. ___ are identified by their utterances
1. Sentences
2. Utterances
What is the basic interpretation of an utterance, using contextual information and world knowledge to work out what is being referred to and how to understand ambiguous expressions?
Explicature