Cell Membrane
Term that means the cell membrane allows only some things to pass in/out of the cell.
Selectively Permeable
Semi-Permeable
Type of cell transport that does not use energy to move molecules in/out of the cell. Moves substances from high -> low concentration.
Passive Transport
The substance that dissolves in a solvent.
Solute
(Examples: salt, sugar, kool-aid, lemonade mix, chocolate mix)
What is Osmosis?
The movement of water.
The type of transport that does use energy to move molecules in/out of the cell. Moves substances from high -> low concentration.
Active Transport
The cell membrane is composed of a __________.
(hint: 2 layers)
Phospholipid Bilayer
(2 layers of phospholipids)
What is the difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
Simple diffusion = certain molecules can pass through the cell membrane from higher to lower concentration
Facilitated diffusion = a protein in the cell membrane is needed to help some molecules to pass through.
The substance that dissolves a solute
Solvent
(Example: Water; also known as the universal solvent)
Passive
Type of active transport where a cell actively intakes a molecule or substance into the cytoplasm
Endocytosis
Endo = In
A phospholipid is composed of a ______ and a ________.
head and tail
Type of solution where there is more water/less solute outside the cell than inside. Water ENTERS the cell, and the cell can BURST
Hypotonic Solution
The combination of a solvent and solute mixed together is known as ________.
Solution
(Example: Salt water, lemonade, chocolate milk)
Where there is a higher concentration of solutes.
Type of active transport where a cell actively pushes out a molecule or substance out of the cell.
Exocytosis
Exo = Exit
The heads of phospholipids are _________ ("water loving") and the tails of phospholipids are ___________ ("water fearing")
Heads = hydrophilic ("water loving")
Tails = hydrophobic ("water fearing")
Type of solution where there is less water/more solute outside the cell than inside. Water LEAVES the cell and the cell can SHRIVEL.
Hypertonic Solution
If water molecules (H2O) are "polar," then that means only other _____ molecules will dissolve in water.
Polar
"hydrophilic"
If the environment inside the cell has 30% glucose and 70% water, and the environment outside the cell has 60% glucose and 40% water.....in which direction will the water move?
The water will move out of the cell.
(There is a higher concentration of solute "glucose" outside the cell than inside. Water will move where there is more solute.)
Active transport flows (with / against) the concentration gradient
Against
Goes from high concentration to low concentration of molecules. Goes against the natural flow of molecules.
Phospholipid heads are (polar/nonpolar) and whereas phospholipid tails are (polar/nonpolar)
Heads = polar (water friendly)
Tails = nonpolar (water hating)
Type of solution where there is equal water/equal solute in solution and in the cell. Water ENTERS and LEAVES the cell EQUALLY
Isotonic Solution
If water molecules (H2O) molecules are "polar," then _______ substances WILL NOT dissolve in water.
Nonpolar
"hydrophobic"
If the environment inside the cell is 20% solute and 80% water, and the environment outside the cell is 20% solute and 80% water...in which direction will water move?
Water would flow equally in and out.
(The environments inside and outside the cell are equal. They are in balance. "Isotonic solution")
An example of active transport would be a plant cell sending molecules outside the cell to help create the ____________
cell wall