Test 1

Chapter 1

100

Please read over the Chapter one, and chapter 2 as well ( none of the NEW information is really covered 5/15/14 since we haven't had class yet). All leukocytes are lymphocytes but not all lymphocytes are leukocytes? True or false?

False, All lymphocytes are leukocytes but not all leukocytes are lymphocytes. Look at page 14 and know figure 1.14 very well Test Tip- Don't look for the right answers on the test because it MAY or May Not be an option.

200

Does BALT contain, MALT and GALT? Or GALT contains BALT and MALT? or MALT contains Galt and BALT?

MALT contains BALT and GALT ( review audio lecture).......In which one does peyer patches belong under? (MALT,BALT,GALT) ? .........What do you know about peyer's patches? Chapter 1 powerpoint............. did you review slide 9? (4 things he told you to know) ............. What is the difference between pyro and pyo?

300

Both the Bone marrow and the thalamus are primary lymphoid tissues? True or False

False, Bone marrow and thymus .........What are the four types of pathogens? ............is normal flora good or bad for you why? .............Which is fixed? adaptive or innate? .............What is extravasate mean? slide 67 Powerpoint Chapter 1

400

Who is Edward Jenner?

He was the one who came up with the concept of Vaccination. .........How? slide 7 ppt chapter 1 .......What do you know about the spleen? refer to ppt. ........Can you explain slide 76? in chapter 1 ppt? ..........Is innate part of the adaptive immunity? ..........Is the NK cell part of the Adaptive immunity? ..........What is a cytotoxic T cell? ...........What is a T helper cell? ...........What T helper cell activates a B-cell? ...........Do you know the Architecture of the lymph node?

500

Everyone in class has the flu ( about 200 people in our class) you sit for lecture the whole 2 hours Mon-Thu. So why didn't you get sick? ( assume the pathogen got inside your body and the innate immunity failed you)

You have memory cells to the pathogen and probably had a secondary immune response that allowed you attack the pathogen. ..........Test tip: you may or may not see a test question that is kind of long ( even longer) but the answer should be basic. ( don't over think the problem stick to the facts that you know from class/the book/powerpoint

Chapter2

100

What are two type of defensins? is it part of the innate or adaptive immunity?

Alpha defensins and beta defensins. Part of the innate immunity ( page 43)

200

what are the names of some Lectin receptors?

Mannose receptor, Glucan receptor Information found on page 44 ..........What is a scavenger receptor? ........Explain phagolysosome, lysosome, and phagosome ( what are they?)

300

Neutrophils live long than macrophages?

No, they are short lived. ...........What is the color of a neutrophil when you are using some dyes?

400

"C3 complement component is by far the most important" page 33 What happens if a person is missing C3 complement? (this person does not make any C3)

prone to successive severe infections. page 33 ........If you are missing C9 complement, can you still make MAC? ( The best way to answer this question is to email the professor or GTA, but for the most part I think the answer is No, because page 39 figure 2.11, C9 "polymerization on the C5b678 complex to form a membrane-spanning channel that disrupts the cell integrity and can result in cell death," therefore I think you need C9 to "make a hole," in the pathogen. I asked this question because I thought it was interesting and Not all of your questions are simple some will require some critical thinking.

500

Read the answer for test tips. In a interview with Gregory Weigel, he told me about a student a few semesters ago who wrote his own questions and showed it to Weigel before the test. Weigel told the student that his questions were all very similar to the really test. He also said, " I can only ask so many question when dealing with two chapters," when you take your test, pay close attention to the questions ( the style of the question) so for the next test you can write your own questions. ( share and compare questions with a friend for the next exam)

Test tips For those of you who took Molecular bio I with Borgon, QBM with Borgon, or Micro with Dr.white. You would have about 50 questions 50 minutes. If you finished the test with just a few minutes left don't be so worried about time for the Immunology test. I was done with my first test with about 25 minutes or so left and I thought the first test was really easy; however, I recommend you take your time and read your question 2 times always ( make sure the question has the RIGHT word for all the answers below for example a future test question could be talking about B-cells and every single answer below was correct but it was all about T-cells). If you see a word in BOLD in your question read that question 3 times. For all my exams I had at least 2-3 questions wrong because I did not read over the EASY questions again. If you get into the habit of doing this for his exams you will see your test scores increase and most likely get 100 on at least one test. (assuming you study well, reading the book was the reason why I got an A on every exam. I recommend you read the book) Good luck to everyone.

chapter 2

100

What binds to iC3b and what is the function?

Cr3 and Cr4 can bind to iC3b and it can help with phagocytosis. ( page 36) ........What else can Cr3 and 4 bind? ........Do you know what TLR3-8 do? ( powerpoint table) .........How do you make iC3b?

200

What is another name for factor P?

Properdin .........What is the purpose of factor P? page 36

300

Which anaphylatoxin is the most stable?

C5a ( page 41) ...........What other function does C5a and C3a have?

400

What is Diapedesis?

when a white blood cell squeezes between neighboring endothelial cells. .......You should know all the steps ( rolling adhesion, tight binding, diapedesis, migration, and what molecules are involved page 54-56) Keep in mind this question was written before the lecture (05/15/14) so the specific parts of this process that the professor wants you to know should be in the audio, if not I recommend you know the steps ( example ICAM-1)

500

If you had a widespread production of TNF-Alpha, what would happen to you?

A lot of inflammation, death. Infections of the blood are known as Sepsis or septicemia page 52 .......Note the following was written before lecture (5/15/14) figure 2.27 on page 50 or slide 46 in chapter 2 powerpoint. I believe he did say you should memorize this table. I'll let you know now that knowing this table will help you in the future exams as well so know them well.

Chapter 2

100

What is the name of the protease inhibitor ( from class) and what is the function?

Alpha 2 Macroglobulin, can inactivate antimicrobial proteins and proteases made by pathogens. Page 42 .........Why would you want to do this?

200

What complement components are used for MAC? ( membrane attack complex)

C5 ( C5b which starts everything) through C9. page 39 ..........Can all three complement pathways lead to MAC?

300

What are the name of the 3 complement pathways? Does one of the pathways use antibodies?

Alternative pathway ( first), lectin pathway (second), Classical pathway ( last) and can use antibodies during its pathway. .........What is the point of complement? page 34

400

What are some ways we can protect our own cells from complement?

Cr1 ( refer to Powerpoint), DAF, MCP Read page 36 ( for DAF and MCP) ..........How can we protect C3 convertase of the alternative pathway?

500

What is the.... Soluble C3 convertase ........ Alternative C3 convertase..... Alternative C5 convertase...... Classical C3 convertase

Soluble C3 convertase: iC3Bb; ............ Alternative C3 convertase: C3bBb;........ Alternative C5 convertase: C3b2Bb;........ Classical C3 convertase: C4bC2a.......... Study the pathways and have a good concept of the idea.

Random

100

Name 4 cells that are NOT lymphocytes but are leukocytes

BEN, dendritic cell, monocyte, macrophage, mast cell,

200

C3b protein covalently binds to the surface of the pathogen. What is this called? ( the binding of C3b to the pathogen) Fun fact, C3 protein is the most important complement protein ( page 39)

Complement Fixation Page 33 in the book.

300

What is the general purpose of TLR4?

To release NFkB so it can active the genes that make cytokines. ( and other molecules) Know at LEAST the four things from class ( in the powerpoint)

400

The E in BEN stands for what? What does it fight? and what type of color do the granules obtain when using dyes?

Eosinophil, Which fight parasitic worms and stain Orange/red.

500

Sue got a vaccine for a virus in 2013. In 2014 their is an out break of the h1n1 virus and sue got sick ( with the virus). Will she receive a primary or secondary response and why?

Primary, she got sick so it's probably not the same virus ( version of the 2013 h1n1 virus) because she was able to get sick.