Ch. 4
Two elements of police work that define the working personality
Authority & Danger
The police organization that investigates any cases of corruption or complaints
Internal Affairs Unit
Which amendment protects you from "unreasonable searches/seizures"?
4th Amendment
Which amendment protects you from self-incrimination?
5th Amendment
The Supreme Court upheld the stop-and-frisk procedure when a police officer had good reasons to conclude that a suspect is a danger to the police or others.
Terry v. Ohio (1968)
Main issue with the Political Era of the criminal justice system
Corruption (police involvement with politics)
About two-third of all sworn in police officers serve as
Patrol Officers
What is required for a stop to take place?
Reasonable Suspicion
The officers acted with the honest belief that they were following the proper rules, but the judge issued the warrant improperly
Good Faith Exception
Which Supreme Court case originated the exclusionary rule?
Weeks v. U.S. (1914)
Name four federal organizations involved in the Criminal Justice System
- CIA - National Parks Service
- ATF - INS/Border & Customs
- IRS - US Marshalls
Officers who seek out bribes and are purposefully involved in corruption
"Meat Eaters"
Special needs beyond normal purposes, automobile search, consent, stop and frisk, search to lawful arrest, exigent circumstances
Examples of warrantless searches
Supreme Court ruling that improperly obtained evidence can be used when it would later have been inevitably discovered by the police
Inevitable Discovery Rule
Which Supreme Court case upheld the "Good Faith" exception?
United States v. Leon (1984)
A policing style that prioritizes maintaining order and community peace over strictly enforcing the law
Watchman Style
Interpol
The principle that illegally obtained evidence must be excluded from trial
Exclusionary Rule
Written statement of fact, supported by oath or affirmation, submitted to judicial officers to fulfill the requirements of probable cause for obtaining a warrant
Affidavit
Which Supreme Court Case created the inevitable discovery rule that was added to the exclusionary rule?
Nix v. Williams (1984)
The four types of stress for police officers
- Operational
- External
- Organizational
- Personal
1) Nature of the Crime
2) Relationships between alleged criminal/victim and police officer
3) Relationship between alleged criminal and victim
4) Race/ethnicity, age, gender, class
5) Departmental Policy
5 Factors of Police Discretion
What are the "Miranda Rights"?
- You have the right to remain silent
- Anything you say can and will be used against you in the court of law
- You have a right to an attorney
- If you cannot afford one, one will be provided for you
Situations in which police officers use their authority to deprive people of their liberty or property and which must not be “unreasonable” according to the Fourth Amendment
Seizures
The Supreme Court case that stated if evidence was found through improper searches/seizures, the evidence must be thrown out
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)