Flow and Optimism
What is flow
The intense experimental involvement in moment to moment activity, which can be either physical or mental. Attention is fully invested at the task at hand and the person functions at fullest capacity.
What is learned optimism
Can be learned through acquiring new cognitive skills
Seligman recommends monitoring your automatic thoughts and attributes and disputing pessimistic explanations, which is similar to techniques used in cognitive behaviour therapy
The key to learned optimism is reframing( process of how behaviour is determined )
Event - thoughts- feelings- behaviour
Unpacking the "ism"
When : the civil rights movement (60s & 70s)
Why/Who : Dominate members of society :
- Use these attitudes and practices to demean and isolate groups ( they retain their dominance )
What are the 5 ways to well being
1., connect
2, be active
3. Take notice
4. keep learning
5. give
What is resilience
" the flexibility" in response to changing situational demands and the ability to bounce back from negative emotional experiences
Contions to facilitate flow
1. structured activity with clear goals and immediate feedback
2. Balance of challenge VS skills
3. Complete concentration
4. Sense of control
5. transformation of time
6. Activity for the sake of activity ( wish to repeat)
7. Personality
what are the benefits of optimism
What is ageism
incorporates ageist stereotypes (positive and negative beliefs ), prejudicial and stigmatizing attitudes, and aid based discrimination
Tendency to regard older persons as debilitated, unworthy of attention / unsuitable for employment
what is the PERMA theory of well being
P - postive emotions
e - Engagement
r- Positive relationships
M - Meaning
A- accomplishment
New goal of PP : increase not just human happiness but human flourishing ( happiness Strategy)
What are the PP interventions
1. Gratitude : savouring of positive events and make counteract hedonic adaptation
2. savouring and positive reminiscence : " capacity to attend to, appreciate and enhance the positive experiences in ones life"
3. Expressive writing : Stem from the results of trauma( writing about IPE's can enhance mood, health, Insight, self examination.
4. Random acts of kindness : ask participants to engage in kind acts toward others
5. active constructive responding: prolonging discussion of the good news, telling people about it
6. Mindful meditation: creates conditions for contentment to develop
7. exercise
Benefits of Flow
1. Sport Domain / Athletes and coaches report peak performance and enhanced skill aquisition
2. Leisure domain / increased positive emotions ( after the fact)
3. Education domain/ higher grades, increased level of commitment and achievement
4. Occupational domain/ greater engagement and leadership development
What is perceived control and what are the three main strategies of maintaining control
Relates to persons self assessment of their ability to exert control ( humans over estimate)
1. changing goals that are reachable in current situation
2. creating new avenues for control
3. accepting current circumstances
Where is ageism prevalent in our society
1. media
2. health
3. social services
4> employment.
5. education
6. Infrastructure
All impact wellbeing of older people, without it is a world where people are able to fulfill their capability and capacity
What is Elderspeak
- Assumes that older adult is dependent
-assumes that the speaker has greater control
- assumes that all older adults equally suffer
What is leisure and wellbeing
- Powerful force for positive change in someones life
- Offers diverse choice for participation
The good and bad of flow
- Flow can be found in activities that are both morally good and bad ( gambling)
- Research show that potential to become addicted to flow - inducing activities, where the activity becomes necessary for daily function
what is locus of control
- LOC is not a fixed personality trait
- people with strong internal LOC believe the responsibility for whether the succeed ultimately lies within themselves
what are the 4 types of ageism
1. personal ageism: bias against groups base don their older age
2. institutional ageism : missions, rules, practices that discriminate against individuals or groups because of older age
3. intentional ageism : practices carried with knowledge of bias : take advantages of the vulnerability of older people
4. Unintentional ageism : practices in which perpetrators unaware against older persons based on their age
waht are the 2 aging myths
1. Loss of neurons
2. irreversible deterioration of cognitive abilities
What are the LWB model enhancing experiences
1. Savouring leisure
2. Authentic leisure
3. Leisure gratifications
4. mindful leisure
4. virtuous leisure
What are the two components of learned optimism
1. dispositional : defined as a personality trait relating to generalized outcome expectancies
2. Explanatory ( attributional) : the way one explains the causes and influences of previous positive or negative events in order to create expectancies about the future
What are the two approaches for applying Flow
1. change environment/ TR can shape activity structures and environments ot foster flow or obstruct it less.
2. Help others find flow / TR can help assist other find flow, which can lead to higher levels or performance and increase positive affect.
What are the definitions of Micro - aggressions and Ageist Micro - aggression
Micro - Aggression : The small everyday slights ( intended or otherwise) that harbour an underlying attitude or racism, sexism, ageism, homophobia, ETC
Ageist Micro - aggression : Subtle things people say and do that show bias against people based on their age ( the most reckless and dangerous cause of ageism is internalized stereotypes)
Healthy aging VS not health aging
Healthy - exercise, healthy weight, not a heavy smoker
Not Healthy - Stress, parental social class, Cholesterol level at 50
What are the outcomes that participants experience from LWB model
1. Psychological/ emotional : help percieve the world around us, feel/ regulate emotions
2. cognitive : help us learn / think
3. social : help relate to other / belong to valued social groups
4. physical : strengths that help participant " act and do " is daily life with no barriers
5. Spiritual : having strong / coherent beliefs about the higher purpose / meaning in life