Chapter 5 & 9
Who is Sir Robert Peel?
Known as the Father of Modern Policing; He hired police officers (called bobbies) in England.
What is the primary purpose of procedural law?
to make certain that every case brought to court is justly and consistently treated
Why are U.S. Supreme Court judges chosen with great care?
lifetime appointments, and they have the authority to make decisions that can change the course of American history.
Who determines if charges are filed?
prosecutor
a review court
Provide examples of community policing...
...
Police officers have to perform their duties within the limits of...
the court, prosecutor, and constitution.
Our criminal justice system consists of...
arresting, trying, and convicting the defendant.
What is the statute of limitations?
sets time limits for the government to bring charges.
How many levels of court in the federal system? what are they?
How many levels in the state system? what are they?
4. Supreme, Appeals, District, Magistrate
5. supreme, appeals, district, county, juvenile
Restorative justice focuses on...
focuses more on the victim than the offender; restoring community
What did police officers find in Dolree Mapp's House?
pornographic materials.
federal and state
Some reasons for plea bargains....
saves time, saves money, lack of evidence.
Explain Tennessee v Gardner
an officer shot and killed a 15 year old male who was fleeing; this was ruled an improper use of deadly force.
Who completes the presentence investigation?
Probation officer
If evidence isn't appropriately collected, it is inadmissible.
U.S. Supreme court sees its job as...
protector/guardian of the constitution
If a defendant is sentenced to 4-8 years. When are they eligible for parole? When do they jam their time? What is the max they can serve?
eligible for parole at 2 years; jam at 4 years; max is 8 years
In order to be admissible in court, a confession must contain what 3 parts?
1. must be knowingly and voluntarily given
2. cannot be obtained as a result of threat or pain
3. is not valid unless the defendant is informed of his or her rights.
What is general deterrence?
preventing non offenders from committing crimes.
What amendment protects against search and seizure?
Describe civil vs criminal court
civil - violation of constitutional rights, preponderance of evidence, money settlements/enforcement of contract terms
criminal - violation of criminal law; proof beyond a reasonable doubt, fines/imprisonment, restrictions of liberty (i.e. Death penalty)
Where is Nebraska's FEDERAL court of appeals?
St Louis, Missouri