Learning
The scientist involved in discovering classical conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
Basic Functions of memory
Encoding, storage, access & retrieval
Another word for Cognition
Thinking/thought
Procedural memory
Declarative Memory
Semantic memory
Episodic memory
Procedural memory- actions/skills that never leave memory
Declarative Memory- Fact memory
Semantic memory- general knowledge, definitions
Episodic memory-personal experiences
Extinction and Spontaneous Recovery
Weakening of a conditioned association
Reappearance of an extinguished conditioned association
the two forms of behavioral learning
classical and operant conditioning
3 stages of memory and the length of time information is stored in each
Sensory- 12 +items, rapid/seconds
STM/Working- less than a minute
LTM- forever possibly
Too much information being processed at once can result in
information overload
The two types of amnesias (with explanation)
anterograde amnesia- inability to form new memories
Retrograde amnesia- inability to remember previously stored in memory
Procedural memory
Declarative Memory
Semantic memory
Episodic memory
riding a bike
what is the capital of Florida
Football is a sport
Remembering your first flight
Many confuse it with punishment but is different. ( explain how it is different )
negative reinforcers
Difference:
punishment tries to decrease a behavior
negative reinforcers tries to increase by removing a negative stimuli
The several types of memory that fall within LTM
Procedural memory and Declarative memory ( Semantic and episodic )
Formula for calculating IQ
Mental age/chronological age X 100
Practical Intelligence
Analytical Intelligence
Creative Intelligence
Practical Intelligence- Ability to cope with the environment, “street smarts”.
Analytical Intelligence- Ability to analyze problems and find correct answers, ability measured by most IQ tests
Creative Intelligence- Form of intelligence that helps people see new relationships among concepts, involves insight and creativity
proactive interference
Retroactive interference
•A woman gets married but you have problems remembering her new name because of her maiden or old name.
•You probably will not remember material from your first exam when you are preparing for the Midterm.A mental representation of physical space
Problem solving occurs by means of a sudden reorganization of perceptions
cognitive map
insight learning
What are the memories 7 sins
Transience, absent-mindedness, blocking, misattribution, suggestibility, bias, persistence
Gardner’s Eight Intelligences (list at least 5)
Linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, interpersonal, naturalistic
The four types of schedules of reinforcement
Fixed Ratio- occurs after a certain # of responses
Variable Ratio- occurs after a varied # of response (varies from trial to trial)
Fixed Interval- occurs after a fixed amount of time.
Variable Interval- occurs after a varied amount of time
Fixed Ratio
Variable Ratio
Fixed Interval
Variable Interval
Fixed Ratio- getting paid after every 10 cases
Variable Ratio- slot machine
Fixed Interval- paychecks (MOST POPULAR)
Variable Interval- getting praised by boss
The process of classical conditioning using Pavlov's study (describe- beginning to end using terms)
Prior to conditioning:
NS (bell) - just a sound
US (food) = UR (salivation)
Conditioning:
NS(bell) + US (food) = CR (salivation)
After Conditioning:
CS (bell) = CR (salivation)
Two types of blocking (with definition)
proactive interference- old memory interference with learning new information
Retroactive interference- new memory interference with learning old information
I represented as 4% together but 2% individually on the IQ curve
Mentally Disabled – lower 2% of the IQ range
Giftedness - the upper 2% of the IQ range
Taste-aversion. Is this a real life example of classical or operant conditioning?
Biological tendency in which an organism learns to avoid food with a certain taste after a single experience, if eating it is followed by illness
Practical Intelligence
Analytical Intelligence
Creative Intelligence
Practical Intelligence- staying alert when walking publicly
Analytical Intelligence- having top scores in school
Creative Intelligence- inventing uber