Cardiovascular System and Exercise
What makes up cardiac output?
Heart rate x Stroke volume
what is bradycardia and tachycardia?
Bradycardia <60bpm
Tachycardia >100bpm
What is the name and makes up the place where gas exchange happens in the lungs?
respiratory zone - Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs
What is the most important thing to do before beginning exercise testing?
Informed consent
What is the lactate threshold?
4.0 mM
What vessel has the highest resistance?
arterioles
What sets the rhythm in the heart?
the SA node
What is surfactant and its role in respiration?
it acts as lubricant that lowers the total surface tension, while increasing its own surface tension when it is stretched
What are some screenings to do before exercise testing?
PAR-Q, CVD risk assessment, medical evaluation
There are decreased reflexes and takes longer to adjust to activity
What increase systolic BP the most?
What increases the diastolic the least?
Resistance exercise
aerobic exercise
What are the different leads and their charges?
1 - right arm (-) to left arm (+)
2 - right arm (-) to left leg (+)
3 - left arm (-) to left leg (+)
lung tissue compliance, airway resistance, chest wall compliance
What are the 4 components of a comprehensive exercise test?
Cardiorespiratory endurance
Muscular fitness
Body composition
Flexibility
What is starlings law?
the more the heart stretches the more the heart is going to contract
Radius of vessel
What happens during AV block in the heart?
The SA node is not going through and the AV node is setting the pace of the heart instead
What is the volume of air in the lungs at the end of a normal expiration is called?
Functional residual capacity
What are the factors for exercise prescription?
Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type, Progression
If someone has CVD should they work out larger or smaller muscle groups?
larger, because it puts less strain on the vessels
What is the biggest impact on end diastolic volume?
Venous return
thoracic pressure, atrial contractility, filling time, ventricular compliance, AV valve resistance
What are 3 absolutes to stop exercise testing?
Technical difficulties monitoring ECG
Prolonged ventricular tachycardia
ST segment elevation
What is the approximate % of vital capacity of a healthy individual of FEV?
75-80%
What is the most popular stress test?
Bruce Protocol
What is alkalosis and acidosis, and what is the pressure of CO2 in the lungs when they happen?
Alkalosis - decrease in H+ concentration (pH > 7.45), high in CO2
Acidosis - increase in H+ concentration (pH < 7.35), low in CO2