NG tubes
How often do you change tube feeding? Why?
Change the feeding bag and tubing every 72 hr. Answer Rationale: The nurse should change the feeding bag and tubing every 24 hr to limit the growth of bacteria within the system.
What are some complications with colonoscopy's?
Electrolyte imbalances (metabolic acidosis), Rectal bleeding, perforation
What intervention should a nurse involve in the plan of care for a patient who has fluid overload due to ascites?
Measure abdominal girth, Monitor I & O's, check for peripheral edema, Weigh daily
What are some complications of hiatal hernia?
Volvulus: twisting of the esophagus and/or stomach
Obstruction (paraesophageal hernia): blockage of food in the herniated portion of the stomach
Strangulation (paraesophageal hernia): compression of the blood vessels to the herniated portion of the stomach
Iron-deficiency anemia (paraesophageal hernia): resulting from bleeding into the gastric mucosa due to obstruction
Where is the liver located?
The liver is situated in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen, below the diaphragm and above the stomach and right kidney.
How do you position a patient receiving Tube Feeding? Why?
Keep the head of the bed elevated at 15 degrees. Answer Rationale: The nurse should elevate the head of the bed to 45 degrees (semi-Fowler’s position) for a client who is receiving continuous enteral feedings to limit the risk of aspiration of the formula.
Nursing Actions after an illeostomy or colostomy?
Monitor for leakage (skin integrity). Visual acuity and dexterity of the client. Apply skin barriers and creams (adhesive paste) to the peristomal skin and allow to dry before applying new. Observe output. Empty when 1/3 to 1/2 full. Monitor for electrolte imbalances. Discuss feelings about ostomy and concerns about effects on life. Support groups. Observe color: pink or red and moist.
What would be early signs of oral cancer?
painless raised sore that may appear as a red or white patch, may bleed easily, has raised edges
What are signs and symptoms of peritonitis?
rigid boardlike abdomen
fever, pain, nausea and vomiting
What are most peptic ulcers caused by?
Helicobacter pylori
How often do you flush a tube when someone is on tube feeding? Why?
Flush the tube with 30 mL of water every 4 hr. Answer Rationale: The nurse should flush the gastrostomy tube with 30 to 60 mL of water every four hours to provide free water to the client and prevent dehydration.
What test is most definative for Cirrhosis diagnosis?
Liver biopsy.
What medications can be given to someone with GERD?
PPI's: Patoprazole, omeprazole, Antacids: calcium carbonate and sodium bicarb, H2 Antagonists: Pepsid, Prokinetics: Metoclopramide
What are some complications of gastritis?
Gastric bleeding
When does gastric ulcer pain most likely to occur? What is one thing individuals need to avoid to prevent peptic ulcer disease?
30 to 60 mins after a meal, ingestion of food, malnourishment, Hematemesis
consuming undercooked foods
What are some complicatoins of Tube feeding?
Hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, vitamin deficiencies, overfeeding resultin in abdominal distention and nausea and vomiting.
What position should you put the patient in after a liver biopsy?
laying on right side
What is barrett's esophagus?
Changes in the lining of the esophagus that are precancerous. This is caused from constant GERD over time.
What are some complications of someone with a GI disorder who had Vitamin K deficiency? Nursing interventions?
Bleeding
Soft toothbrush, no alcohol, Monitor platelet count, no rectal temperatures.
Where does diverticulitis occur?
Diverticulitis typically occurs in the large intestine (colon). Specifically, it usually affects the sigmoid colon, which is the lower left part of the colon.
Name 5 reasons that someone may need an NG tube.
To decompress the stomach. To test GI contents. To diagnose GI disorders. To compress a bleeding site. To lavage stomach of toxins. To administer tube feeds and medications.
What must be given sometimes after a paracentesis due to low BP?
albumin
What are some lifestyle changes that may help in one with hiatal hernia?
maintain healthy weight, exercise regularly, stay away from fatty foods, stay away from alcohol, eat smaller amounts more often
What are some complications of cirrhosis of the liver?
Portal hypotension, decreased metabolic processes, decreased clotting, Ascites
What can happen if oral health is not maintained?
Infection that can go into the blood stream and go to the heart causing endocarditis