Ch 8: Extinction & Stimulus Control
When a previously reinforced behavior suddenly stops being reinforced, the behavior initially increases in intensity before decreasing.
What is an extinction burst?
This is the typical procedure used for studying escape and avoidance.
What is a shuttle avoidance task?
Blinking in reponse to a puff of air is an example of this.
What is a reflex?
The sudden recovery of an extinguished response following introduction of a novel stimulus.
What is disinhibition?
An old guy wanted dogs to drool on command.
What is Pavlov's Dogs?
The reappearance of an extinguished response following a rest period after extinction.
What is spontaneous recovery?
This hypothesis states that avoidance occurs so quickly that there is insufficient exposure to the CS for extinction of the fear response to take place.
What is the anxiety conservation hypothesis?
Interneurons in our spine are an important part of this.
What is a reflex arc?
In this extension to classical conditioning, the CS2 response is typically weaker.
What is higher-order conditioning?
What are fixed action patterns?
Resistance to extinction is the extent to which responding persists during extinction.
Resistance is also affected by the magnitude of the reinforcers that have been used, the extent to which the animal has been deprived of the reinforcer, and this.
What is "the number of times the behavior has been reinforced"?
These are two common forms of negative punishment.
What are time-out and response cost?
This procedure is often seen as the best arrangement for conditioning.
What is delayed conditioning?
This concept is demonstrated when a man is shown a bright light while also being shown the word “movie.” As a result, he begins to anticipate a bright light whenever he is shown words, like "film", with a similar meaning.
What is semantic generalization?
Small food, small spit. More food, more spit.
What is US Revaluation?
In this type of reinforcement schedule, a specific unwanted behavior is not reinforced, while a replacement behavior is reinforced.
What is differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO)?
One of the three ways that punishment can be made more effective alongside being delivered immediately and consistently.
What is "being at sufficient intensity"?
In this theory, two processes tend to be hedonically opposite from each other.
What is the opponent process theory?
The process of attempting to establish more responses to one stimuli rather than another?
What is stimulus discrimination?
I didn't have to learn that this thing sucks.
What are primary punishers?
In his 1950 work, Skinner suggested that spontaneous recovery may occur due to the presence of these types of stimuli that signal the start of a session.
What are discriminative stimuli?
This is how Masserman's experimental neurosis procedure differs from a learned helplessness procedure's predictable but uncontrollable exposure to aversive events.
What is infrequent but unpredictable exposure to aversive events?
These processes have tremendous survival advantages that allow us to categorize stimuli into those that are irrelevant and relevant.
What are habituation and sensitization?
This concept demonstrates that stimuli can become associated with each other in the absence of any identifiable response.
What is sensory preconditioning?
When I stop getting something out of this, I guess I'll try something that used to work instead.
What is resurgence?