Proteins
Two joined amino acids are called what?
Dipeptide
Name the Fat Soluble vitamins?
A,D,E,K
These minerals are needed in amounts greater than 100 mg/day. Also known as "macrominerals".
Major Minerals
The average healthy adult is made up of _____% water.
60 percent
True or False
The shape of the protein determines its function in your body?
True
What joins amino acids together?
Peptide bonds
These act as fat taxi's, forming in your small intestine after a fatty meal and transporting dietary fats from your gut to the rest of your body.
Chylomicrons
These minerals are needed in small amounts but have vital functions.
Trace minerals
These are minerals that help maintain fluid balance.
(Hint..These are lost through sweat and must be replaced by drinking and eating)
Electrolytes
What is hydrophilic and hydrophobic?
Hydrophilic ~ water loving
Hydrophobic ~ water fearing
Three amino acids joined together are called what?
Tripeptide
True or False
Water soluble viatmins are not stored in the body for long periods of time. Excessive amounts are excreted through urine.
True
This mineral protects our teeth and is in all of the US drinking water?
Fluoride
What is insensible water loss?
&
What is sensible water loss?
Insensible water loss: Water loss through evaporation from skin and when you exhale. (hard to measure).
Sensible water loss: Water loss through urine, feces, and sweat (it is measurable).
Give me 2 examples for denaturation of proteins
Hard boiled egg
Meringue ~ (mechanical agitation)
This is the alteration (unfolding) of a protein's shape. This can alter its function, potentially permanently.
Denaturation
These vitamins neutalize free radicals? They are our "security guards".
Where do we get them from in our diet?
Antioxidants
Dark berries, spinach, kale, beans, dark chocolate, walnuts, green tea, colorful veggies
What is the most abundant minerals in the body?
What is the 2nd most abundant mineral in the body?
Calcium
Phosphorus
Name 4 things that water gives the body:
Universal solvent and transport medium
Medium for chemical reactions (digestion)
Part of interstitial fluid
Helps maintain body temperature
Helps absoub heat from the internal core
Lubricant for joints, eyes, mucus and saliva
Protective cushion for the brain, organs and fetus
Smallest unit of a protein?
Amino Acid
Name the 4 structures of Proteins.
Primary Structure
Secondary Structure
Tertiary Structure
Quaternary structure
These are unstable molecules that are missing an electron. This makes them "unbalanced" and they will steal and electron from a stable molecule, causing damage.
Free Radicals
What is the most abundant mineral on earth and main trace mineral in the body?
(Hint...This deficiency can cause anemia.)
Iron
Why is thirst a bad indicator of dehydration?
It is a delyed signal. Often times you are already dehydrated by the time you feel thirsty.
What breaks down proteins in the stomach?
Hydochloric acid and pepsin