Sleep Disorders/ Disruptions
What are three consequences of insufficient sleep?
answers vary
Explain the Threat-simulation theory
Dreaming repeatedly simulates potential threatening events, like a defense mechanism
Under which type of sleep do dreams occur?
REM
Explain what a psychoactive drug is.
chemical substances that act upon the central nervous system and are associated with changes in perception, mood, and behavior.
Which hormone is an important regulator of our sleep-wake cycle
melatonin
Explain restless leg syndrome
Unpleasant tickling or twitching sensation in the leg muscles when sitting or lying down, relieved only by moving the legs
Explain the Expectation-fulfillment theory
Dreaming discharges emotional arousals that haven’t been expressed during the day
How many stages of Non-REM (NREM) sleep are there?
Name the four categories of Psychoactive Drugs
Stimulants
Depressants
Opioids
Hallucinogens
What cycle lasts more than 24 hours?
Infradian
How does rotating shift work affect your circadian rhythm?
A work schedule that changes from early to late on a daily or weekly basis makes it hard to maintain a regular sleep and wake schedule.
Explain the Activation-synthesis AND Continual-activation theory
Activation-synthesis theory: Dreams are electrical brain impulses that pull random thoughts and imagery from our memories
Continual-activation theory: During REM sleep, the unconscious part of the brain is transferring data from short-term memory to long-term memory
Explain stages 1 and 2 of NREM Sleep
Stage 1 sleep: transitional phase that occurs between wakefulness and sleep; the period during which a person drifts off to sleep
Stage 2 sleep: the body goes into deep relaxation; characterized by the appearance of sleep spindles
Explain the effects of stimulants on the body and when used.
BODY: Increased heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature
USE: Increase levels of neural activity, Increased alertness, mild euphoria, decreased appetite in low doses
High doses increase agitation, and paranoia, and can cause hallucinations
Explain the Adaptive Function for why we sleep.
Sleep conserves energy and keeps you safe from predators
Related to evolutionary psychology
Little research supports these ideas
Which sleep disorder used phototherapy and scototherapy as a treatment?
Non-24-Hour Sleep-Wake Disorder
What are Hallucinogens and provide two examples
Hallucinogens, including cannabis, psilocybin and LSD, create an extreme alteration of consciousness as well as the possibility of hallucinations.
Why is it so important to get enough (REM) sleep?
This is important for energy and memory consolidation (to feel rested and refreshed)
If we are deprived of REM sleep, we quickly become less able to engage in the important tasks of everyday life
Define opioids and name 3 examples
pain relief, sense of euphoria and highly addictive,
Opium, Heroin, Fentanyl, Morphine, Codeine
Define Consciousness
An awareness of both internal and external stimuli
Which sleep disorder uses a CPAP machine as treatment?
Sleep Apnea
Each member of the group must tell us their most recent dream / a recurring dream they experience.
:)
Name two areas of the brain involved in sleep.
The pineal gland secretes melatonin, important in regulating our sleep-wake cycle
The pituitary gland secretes growth hormones during sleep. Important for physical growth, maturation, and metabolic processes
What four criteria are needed to classify someone with a Substance Abuse Disorder?
Physical dependence, Psychological dependence is an emotional need for the drug, withdrawal effects and Increased tolerance
Explain what the DSM5 is, and two criticisms.
A standardized diagnostic classification system that attempts to carefully categorize, define and describe mental disorders. Used by psychologists and psychiatrists.
Criticisms: USA based, classified by kind, overdiagnosing?