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Vocab
Formulas
Solubility & Concentration
Colligative Properties
Rate Laws
100
Define: Supersaturated Solution
A solution that has dissolved more solute than a saturated solution
100
What is the formula for: Mole fraction & Mass percent?
X= mol solute/ Total moles mass %= (mass solute/ total mass) * 100 %
100
What happens to solubility as surface area increases?
Solubility does not change, but the rate of solubility increases
100
When using Rault's law, do you use the pressure and mole fraction of the solute or the solvent?
Solvent
100
Will the rate of the reactants be a positive or a negative number?
negative, the reactants are being consumed therefore their concentrations are going down so the rate will be negative
200
define: Miscible
two liquids are completely soluble in each other
200
What is molarity and molality?
M= Mol solute/ Liters solution m= Mol solute/ mass solvent
200
Explain the effects of temperature on Solubility
For solids in liquids: increase in temp= increase solubility For gasses in liquids: increase in temp= decrease solubility (faster moving particles are more likely to escape the solution)
200
What happens to the freezing point of a solution when a solute is added to a solvent and why?
freezing point will decrease because In order to become solid, molecules must order in a consistent, repeating lattice structure and the presence of solute molecules make this ordering more difficult, resulting in the lowering of the freezing point
200
To get a linear graph of a first order reaction, what would you plot on the x and y axes?
x=time y= Ln[a]
300
What is a colligative property?
a property that depends only on the number of total particles and does not on the chemical identity of those particles
300
PPM and PBM
PPM= (mass solute / total mass) * 10^6 PBM= (mass solute / total mass) * 10^9
300
Explain the effects of pressure on solubility (with regards to gasses)
pressure increase= solubility increase (The more force there is above a solution, the harder easier it becomes for gas molecule’s to penetrate a liquid’s surface enter the solution)
300
What happens to the boiling point of a solution when a solute is added to a solvent and why does this happen?
The boiling point of the solution will increase because in order to become a gas, molecules must break up all intermolecular interactions and escape the liquid phase and the presence of solute molecules causes increased collisions, preventing solvent molecules from reaching surface to escape the liquid phase
300
What are the units for k for: 0, 1st, and 2nd order reactions?
0=M/s 1st=1/s 2nd= 1/(m*s)
400
Define Tyndall Effect
when colloidal suspension causes rays of light to scatter
400
Which R is used when determining Osmotic Pressure?
r= .08206 (L*ATM)/(Mol*K)
400
Calculate the mass of oxygen dissolved in an 80.0 L aquarium. Assume a total pressure of 1.0 atm and a mole fraction for oxygen of 0.21. (kh = 1.3 x 10^-3 M/atm)
.70 g O2
400
Calculate the osmotic pressure (in atm) of a 0.310 M solution of MgCl2 at 25 °C
22.7 ATM
400
What order reaction gives you a linear graph when you plot [a] vs t?
zeroth
500
Define Colloids
Suspension of particles larger than individual ions or molecules, but too small to be settled out by gravity
500
The Van't Hoff Factor, i, is used in several equations. What is it and what is the Van't Hoff factor for: Fe2(SO4)3
The van 't Hoff factor is the ratio between the actual concentration of particles produced when the substance is dissolved, and the concentration of a substance as calculated from its mass. i= 5
500
An aqueous solution containing only sodium hydroxide has a molarity of 9.96 M and a molality of 10.71 m. What is the density of the solution?
W1.33 kg/L
500
Osmotic pressure is the pressure required to stop Osmotic flow. What is it also the pressure of?
the excess fluid once concentrations on both sides are equal
500
At a particular moment in time, the change in concentration of NH3 is 1.50 M/s for the reaction: N2 +3 H2 => 2NH3 What are the changes in concentration with respect to time for N2 and H2 at the same moment in time?
N2=-.75 H2=-2.25