Test 2, Prep Part 1

Terms

100

Passed by Congress on July 2, 1909, and ratified February 3, 1913, this amendment established Congress's right to impose a Federal income tax.

The 16th Amendment.

200

Signed by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882, this act was one of the most significant restrictions on free immigration in US history, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers.

The Chinese Exclusion Act.

300

This act was a supplement to the Sherman Antitrust Act with provisions aimed at restricting corporate methods not previously designated as illegal. This included prohibiting price discrimination, preventing exclusive dealing, stopping mergers and acquisitions for the purposes of anti competitive activities, and forbidding a person to be the director of two or more competing companies.

Clayton Antitrust Act

400

Approved on February 4, 1887, this act created a Commission to oversee the conduct of the railroad industry. With this act, the railroads became the first industry that was Federally regulated.

Interstate Commerce Act.

500

This act, passed in 1906, worked to prevent adulterated (adding a product to food that is not legally labelled) or misbranded meat and meat products from being sold as food and to ensure that meat and meat products are slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions

Meat Inspection Act of 1906

Terms

100

Issued in 1823, this was the US foreign policy regarding Latin American countries in the early 19th century. It stated that further efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with states in North or South America would be viewed as acts of aggression, requiring US intervention. It also stated that the United States would neither interfere with existing European colonies nor meddle in the internal concerns of European countries.

The Monroe Doctrine

200

This was a landmark federal statute which was passed by Congress in 1890. It prohibited certain business activities that federal government regulators deemed to be anticompetitive, and required the federal government to investigate and pursue trusts.

Sherman Antitrust Act

300

In the corporate sense, what is a trust? (this term is not on your list)

A trust is essentially a large business or corporation. Before the passage of the Sherman Antitrust act in 1890, big businesses would often engage in abusive business practices to exclude competition.

400

What is a monopoly? (this term is not on your list)

A monopoly is a business entity that grows to become the sole supplier of a good or commodity and whose existence is defined by a lack of competition. This is bad because the monopoly company has the ability to set prices as high as they wish while no substitute goods are available.

500

This book, written by author and journalist Upton Sinclair, exposed the horrible health violations and unsanitary practices in the American meatpacking industry during the early 20th century

The Jungle

Terms

100

This book, written by economist and philosopher Adam Smith in 1776, discussed classical economics in topics such as division of labor, national productivity, and free markets.

"An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations," typically shortened to, "The Wealth of Nations."

200

This US amendment abolished slavery in the United States.

13th amendment.

300

This amendment to the US constitution, prevented states from denying rights to US citizens and granted citizenship to anyone born within the United States.

14th amendment.

400

This amendment to the US Constitution guaranteed the right to vote regardless of race.

15th amendment.

500

This was a nationwide organized effort in the 1910s to bring millions of recent immigrants into the American cultural system.

Americanization Movement.

Terms

100

This era in the United States, following the period of Reconstruction, was marked by rapid economic and industrial growth in areas such as railroads and coal mining, but also serious social problems in regard to the large number of immigrants who came to America in search of work. It was also a period of a widening divide between the rich and the poor.

Gilded Age.

200

This era in history, beginning in Britain in the 1760's was signified by the transition of the means and modes of production of goods from the home and workshop to the industrial factory. This period is marked by advances in technology and production methods which laid the foundation for mass-production and consumption cultures.

The Industrial Revolution.

300

This was the foreign policy by the United States in 1900 for the protection of equal privileges among countries trading with China and in support of Chinese territorial and administrative integrity.

Open Door Policy.

400

This US social movement primarily pushed for agricultural and farming reform in the United States and called for greater government involvement in the economy.

Populist Movement.

500

This social and political movement in US history, from the 1890s to the 1920s, is signified by the desire to eliminate political corruption by exposing political machines and their bosses as well as regulation of trust corporations and monopolies in order to promote fair competition in business practices.

The Progressive Movement.

Terms

100

This movement applied Christian ethics to social problems, especially issues of social justice such as economic inequality, poverty, alcoholism, crime, racial tensions, slums, bad hygiene, child labor, inadequate labor unions, poor schools, and the danger of war.

The Social Gospel Movement.

200

This was a conflict in 1898 between Spain and the United States, the result of American intervention in the Cuban War of Independence and involved fighting in both the Caribbean region and Spanish territories in the Pacific. The trigger point for the conflict was the destruction of the US Navy ship, the USS Maine.

The Spanish-American War

300

This man was a philosopher and economist most notable for his contributions towards classical economics. He is known for the concept of the "Invisible Hand" and his book, "The Wealth of Nations."

Adam Smith

400

This inventor and scientist is responsible for having invented the first telephone.

Alexander Graham Bell

500

This man was a Scottish-American industrialist who led the enormous expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century.

Andrew Carnegie