Types of Migration
During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, which of the following types of intraregional migration was the most prominent worldwide?
(A) Rural to urban
(B) Urban to suburban
(C) Inland to coastal
(D) Highland to lowland
(E) Urban to rural
(A) Rural to urban
Most international migrants seek employment or educational opportunities. As a result, they are most likely to move to which of the following?
(A) rural agricultural regions
(B) urban and suburban areas
(C) less developed countries
(D) protected environmental zones
(E) tourism and pilgrimage sites
(B) urban and suburban areas
Since 2000, people in the largest category of international migrants seeking asylum in a different country are best described as
(A) families looking for employment opportunities
(B) women seeking higher-education opportunities
(C) individuals fleeing conditions of armed conflict
(D) youths seeking seasonal farm employment
(E) men seeking construction or energy-sector jobs
(C) individuals fleeing conditions of armed conflict
Which of the following would be most likely to increase life expectancy in a less developed country?
(A) An increase in the country’s birth rate
(B) Rural-to-urban migration within the country
(C) Improvements in transportation and communication networks
(D) Improvements in access to health care and sanitation
(E) A decrease in the country’s total fertility rate
(D) Improvements in access to health care and sanitation
Many African Americans left the south during the Great Migration intending on finding jobs in factories in cities like Detroit and New York. Many of these migrants instead found work in places like Chicago and St. Louis and settled there. This is an example of what?
Intervening opportunity
Emigration of a large number of people from a particular region as a result of communications from friends and relatives who emigrated earlier is an example of which type of migration?
Chain migration
Loss of factory jobs, severe famine, the rise of an authoritarian regime, and religious persecution are all examples of what?
Push factors
Between 2000 and 2024, the largest number of refugees are from which continent?
Africa
Although maternal mortality has dropped sharply in the last few decades, about 290,000 women still die each year from pregnancy-related causes. What percent of these deaths occur in developing countries?
99%
A person with temporary permission to immigrate and work in another country, such as the millions of young men from South Asia who have moved to Persian Gulf countries like Bahrain, Qatar, and Oman, is described by what term?
Guest worker
What is the permanent or semipermanent movement of individuals between countries?
Transnational or International migration
John is 25 and single. His father, Paul, just turned 50 and is recently divorced. John’s twin brother, George, is married with two kids. Who is most likely to migrate?
John
To qualify as a refugee, the person must have crossed an international boundary. Otherwise, he or she is designated as what?
Internally displaced person (IDP)
True or False: In the world as a whole, fertility rates have fallen in the last 25 years.
True
The relationship between the potential labor force and the remainder of a country’s population that is younger or older than working age is called what?
Dependency ratio
A migrant from Guatemala arrives in the United States and temporarily resides in Laredo. After her asylum request is granted she moves to Chicago. This is an example of which type of migration?
Step migration
___ and migration have long been closely related. ___ has spread and relocated thanks to human movement. The effect has also worked in the opposite direction: widespread human migrations have occurred as a result of ___. Which word completes all three blanks?
Disease
An ongoing civil war dating back to 2011.---In 2022 the number of children killed in the conflict was reported at 25,857 and the number of women at 15,761.---183,035 first-time asylum applicants to the European Union in 2023.---These statements describe which country in the Middle East?
Syria
Which demographic factor is most responsible for the increase in Japan’s elderly dependency ratio?
Increased life expectancy
What is the money sent home by international migrants to support nonmigrant family members called?
Remittances
What is the seasonal migration that pastoral herders make with their animals based on the availability of food?
Transhumance
Immigration from Latin America, high levels of per capita federal spending in the South and West, cheap land and labor, and the increasing demand for retirement and resort centers all explain the rapid growth of cities in which region of the United States?
Sun Belt
What is defined as the involuntary mass dispersions of a population from its home territory, such as that of the Sudanese?
Diaspora
Country A is a more developed country where pressures on pension and social security programs are at critical levels as the number of elderly increases. Using “high” or “low”, correctly determine the country’s: 1. Birth rate. 2. Fertility rate. 3. Life expectancy.
1. Low--2. Low--3. High
One concern for countries with an aging population is that as the proportion of older people in the country increases, fewer young workers are available to contribute tax revenues to support programs, such as Medicare and Social Security, that provide services to the older population. What name is given to programs such as these?
Entitlement programs