Identify audience and purpose
Coasters and trivets are easy to create, and they make great gifts. All you need for this simple DIY project are pieces of cork, a template, a mat cutter, a pen, scissors, and a flat work surface. Start by choosing a template shape, such as a star. Trace the template onto the cork. Cut out the shape with the mat cutter. Voilà! You have a cork star that can be used as a coaster or a trivet.
Which best indicates that the primary audience is crafters interested in quick and useful projects?
(A.) The writer provides detailed step-by-step instruction.
(B.) The writer emphasizes the simplicity and utility of the project.
(C.) The writer includes a short list of necessary materials.
(D.) The writer emphasizes that coasters and trivets make great gifts.
(B.) The writer emphasizes the simplicity and utility of the project.
Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
How could Anna have anything insightful to say about foreign affairs? She grew up on a farm.
(A.) ad hominem: an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself
(B.) bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct
(C.) straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against
(A.) ad hominem: an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself
Which figure of speech is used in this text?
It's only forty miles to the ranch as the crow flies, but on the winding local roads, it takes about two hours.
(A.) onomatopoeia
(B.) idiom
(B.) Idiom
What does the personification in this text suggest?
Eddie tried to ignore his unfinished essay, but it glared at him from across the room.
(A.) It bothered Eddie that the essay wasn't finished.
(B.) The essay was printed in large type.
(A.) It bothered Eddie that the essay wasn't finished.
Discover a wild beauty unlike any you've experienced before. Discover Costa Rica. Soar to great heights through misty cloud forests. Trek over lush jungle trails to spectacular waterfalls. Explore hidden mysteries in coastal rain forests. Let the experienced guides at Davidson Travel lead you on a five-day hiking adventure through the untamed and unexpected terrain of Costa Rica. Call now to book your journey of a lifetime.
Which best indicates that the primary audience is physically active adventure travelers?
(A.) The writer makes a point to mention that the guides at Davidson Travel are experienced.
(B.) The writer tells readers that Davidson Travel will take them on a journey of a lifetime.
(C.) The writer describes the trip as a hiking adventure.
(D.) The writer suggests that Costa Rica is a beautiful country with spectacular
(C.) The writer describes the trip as a hiking adventure.
Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
I understand that you had a medical emergency, but I still cannot accept late homework.
(A.) If I make an exception for you, I'll have to make exceptions for everybody.
(B.) slippery slope fallacy: the false assumption that a small first step will lead to extreme consequences
(C.) straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against
(D.) circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself
(B.) slippery slope fallacy: the false assumption that a small first step will lead to extreme consequences
Which figure of speech is used in this text?
Frank's room is as tidy as an overgrown garden.
(A.) verbal irony
(B.) onomatopoeia
(A.) Verbal Iorny
What does the hyperbole in this text suggest?
At that time Bogotá was a remote, lugubrious city where an insomniac rain had been falling since the beginning of the 16th century.
-Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Living to Tell the Tale, translated by Edith Grossman
(A.) It rained frequently and for long periods of time in Bogotá.
(B.) It rained in Bogot for hundreds of years.
(A.) It rained frequently and for long periods of time in Bogotá.
Johannes Gutenberg was born in Mainz, Germany, in 1398. Today he is known as the inventor of the modern printing press. When he was young, books weren't like they are today. Most books were actually manuscripts, or texts written by hand. Manuscripts took a long time to make and were expensive. Only rich people could afford them. Gutenberg wanted more people to be able to enjoy reading. His printing press made it easier and cheaper to print books, so more people could own books.
John H. Haaren and A. B. Poland, Famous Men of the Middle Ages
Which best indicates that the primary audience is young students studying Gutenberg?
(A.) The writer provides details about Gutenberg's work.
(B.) The writer uses short sentences and defines manuscripts.
(C.) The writer doesn't use any words that would be unfamiliar to young readers.
(D.) The writer includes information about Gutenberg's childhood.
(B). The writer uses short sentences and defines manuscripts.
Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
It's true that pasteurization kills harmful bacteria in milk. But pasteurization is a process that was invented by humans. Instead, we should drink milk raw, pure, and unchanged. It's better for us.
(A.) appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good
(B.) guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something
(C.) false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other
(A.) appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good
Which figure of speech is used in this text?
When the coach asked whether we wanted to try out the new trampoline, we jumped at the chance.
(A.) pun
(B.) simile
(A.) Pun
What does the personification in this text suggest?
It was the early afternoon of a sunshiny day with little winds playing hide-and-seek in it.
-Katherine Mansfield, "How Pearl Button Was Kidnapped"
(A.) There were occasional gusts of wind.
(B.) There was very little wind.
(A.) There were occasional gusts of wind.
Coasters and trivets are easy to create, and they make great gifts. All you need for this simple DIY project are pieces of cork, a template, a mat cutter, a pen, scissors, and a flat work surface. Start by choosing a template shape, such as a star. Trace the template onto the cork. Cut out the shape with the mat cutter. Voilà! You have a cork star that can be used as a coaster or a trivet.
Who is the primary audience?
(A.) people who need new coasters
(B.) crafters interested in quick and useful projects
(C.) crafters who want to start a new hobby
(D.) shoppers looking for gift ideas
(B.) crafters interested in quick and useful projects
Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
How could you be disappointed in the show Paranormal Proms? Over a million people watch that show every single week!
(A.) slippery slope fallacy: the false assumption that a small first step will lead to extreme consequences
(B.) circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself
(C.) bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct
(C.) bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct
Which figure of speech is used in this text?
The audience at the 2012 Olympics cheered as, with Herculean effort, Kim Un-Guk of North Korea set an Olympic record by lifting a 153-kilogram weight.
(A.) allusion
(B.) onomatopoeia
(A.) allusion
What does the idiom in this text suggest?
Cell phones once cost an arm and a leg, but today the majority of people can afford them.
(A.) Cell phones were once very expensive.
(B.) Cell phones once varied greatly in price.
(A.) Cell phones were once very expensive
Monday, November 14, 1768 We arrived at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The weather was pleasant with moderate waves and low wind. At five in the evening, we anchored in five fathoms of water just above the Isle of Cobras.
Tuesday, November 15, 1768 Fine weather. Obtained fresh greens and beef for the ship's crew.
Saturday, November 19, 1768 The weather was cloudy. We were busy getting water and other necessities on board, as well as caulking and repairing the ship. I had to punish Seaman John Thurman for refusing to help the sailmaker repair the sails.
Adapted from James Cook, Captain Cook's Journal During the First Voyage Round the World
Who is the primary audience?
(A.) travelers who want to go to Brazil
(B.) authorities financing the expedition
(C.) descendants of John Thurman
(B.) authorities financing the expedition
Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
Don't be deceived by Emily Bullock's articles on rural, blue-collar workers. Her husband is a fancy investment banker, so she can't possibly understand their situation.
(A.) guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something
(B.) straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against
(C.) circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself
(A.) guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary. . .
—Edgar Allan Poe, "The Raven"
(A.) idiom
(B.) alliteration
(B.)
What does the simile in this text suggest?
My momma always said life was like a box of chocolates. You never know what you're gonna get.
-Forrest Gump
(A.) Life is luxurious.
(B.) Life is unpredictable.
(B.) Life is unpredictable.