Volcano Types
Fluid lava surges from the vent like water from a fountain
Hawaiian
The study of earthquakes
Seismology
The outermost layer of the earth
Crust
Name given to melted rock that has reached the earth’s surface
Lava
Scientist who studies the structure of the earth
Geologist
Formed when eruptions composed mostly of tephra build up cone-shaped mountains
Cinder Cone
The strength of an earthquake
Magnitude
The study of the earth and its structure
Geology
Name given to melted rock while it is still underground
Magma
Forces such as flowing water, ice or windblown sand breaking down rock
Physical weathering
Globs of hot lava are flung into the air where they harden into volcanic bombs in a series of noisy but mild eruptions
Strombolian
The break that appears at the boundary between two moving masses of rock
Fault
The innermost region of the earth
Core
Volcanic ash, lapilli, and volcanic bombs are examples of these rock fragments
Tephra
The place at ground level that is directly above the focus of an earthquake
Epicenter
Formed when alternating layers of fluid lava and tephra build up a steep symmetrical mountain, often with a small crater at the top
Composite
The regions of the earth where most of the world’s earthquakes occur
Ring of Fire
The boundary between the crust and the mantle
Moho (Mohorovicic discontinuity)
Fragments of tephra that are smaller than bombs and blocks but larger than volcanic ash; means "little stones"
Lapilli
Large sections of the earth's crust that "float" on the soft rock of the upper mantle and slowly move about
Plates (Tectonic)
Hot clouds of gas and dust are expelled high into the air, usually quite violently
Plinian
The scale used to measure the strength of an earthquake
Richter Scale
An underwater mountain range in the ocean where plates of the earth’s crust are moving away from each other
Mid-oceanic ridge
Holes or cracks serving as escape vents for underground gases
Fumaroles
A huge, bowl-shaped depression formed when an empty magma chamber collapses after a volcanic eruption
Caldera