test construction
Advantages of item response theory (IRT) are that item parameters are ______________ invariant and performance on different sets of items or tests can be easily __________________.
A. discrimination ; difficulty
B. equated; sample
C. sample; equated
D. population; equated
sample; equated
The terms "predictor" and "criterion" are associated with the following research design:
A. ABAB design
B. qualitative design
C. correlational/regression design
D. none of the options
correlational/regression design
Of the four scales of measurement, the ___________ scale is the least mathematically complex.
A. nominal
B. ratio
C. interval
D. absolute
nominal
Which statement is true for a normal distribution or a skewed distribution?
A. A normal distribution can occur with any sample size.
B. A normal distribution is symmetrical on both sides of the mean.
C. A skewed distribution is when the majority of the scores in the distribution are clustered near the high end of the distribution.
D. A skewed distribution refers to the shape of the peak of the distribution.
A normal distribution is symmetrical on both sides of the mean.
A scattergram illustrates the relationship between two variables. The wider the scatter of data points in the scattergram the _________ the correlation between variables.
A. linear
B. direction
C. higher
D. lower
lower
When items on a questionnaire appear to correspond to the construct that the questionnaire claims to measure, it is said to have ____.
A. content validity
B. criterion validity
C. ecological validity
D. factorial validity
content validity
If my experimental hypothesis were "Taking new drug A reduces the length of a depressive episode", what would the null hypothesis be?
A. Taking new drug A is linearly related to the length of a depressive episode.
B. Taking a new drug A reduces the length of the depressive episode.
C. The length of a depressive episode is not affected by taking the new drug A.
D. Taking the new drug A increases the length of the depressive episode.
The length of a depressive episode is not affected by taking the new drug A.
What is a common reason for Type II errors?
A. The sample population is too small to detect the effect
B. The sample population is too large and the effect is lost in noise
C. Systematic errors bias the results
D. Poor study design causes data to be lost
The sample population is too small to detect the effect
Which statement accurately describes descriptive or inferential statistics?
A. Inferential statistics are used to summarize the characteristics of the sample.
B. There are inferential statistics that can be used to test cause-effect relationships.
C. Descriptive statistics are used to describe relationships among population parameters.
D. Inferential statistics are used to test predictions about relationships among variables.
Inferential statistics are used to test predictions about relationships among variables.
Correlational techniques are used to determine the degree of ________ between two or more variables
A. linear
B. predictors
C. association
D. causal
Reliability is a measure of the amount of variability in obtained test scores that is due to _________ variability.
A. true score
B. stability
C. alpha
D. correlation
true score
Random assignment allows the researcher to be more certain that subjects in different groups are initially similar and, consequently, that any observed differences between them on the __________ variable(s) were caused by the ___________ variable(s).
A. independent ; dependent
B. dependent ; independent
C. interval ; ratio
D. cluster ; simple
dependent ; independent
Chronbach's alpha is a measure of:
A. inter-rater reliability
B. test-retest reliability
C. convergent validity
D. none of the options
none of the options
____________ refers to changes that occur within subjects during the course of a study as the result of time and that have systematic effect on the DV.
A. history
B. maturation
C. attrition
D. regression
maturation
The sign (negative or positive) for the Pearson r indicates the ______________
A. homoscedasticity
B. linear
C. strength
D. direction
direction
An examinee's raw test score is usually easier to interpret when it can be compared to the scores of other examinees or to a prespecified standard of performance. The former technique is referred to as _______________ referenced interpretation and may entail converting an examinee's raw score to a percentile rank or standard score.
A. criterion-referenced
B. norm- referenced
C. sample-referenced
D. population-referenced
norm- referenced
A psychologist is doing an experiment on candy and memory. There are two types of candy: KitKat and Sour Patch Kids. Each group of participants eat a KitKat and then read a history passage they will be quizzed on. Then the same participants eat the Sour Patch Kids, read a different history passage and take a different quiz. Next the psychologist compared the results from both quizzes and determined which candy had the greater effect on memory performance. The psychologist used what type of research design in her experiment?
A. Within-subjects design
B. Between- groups design
C. Single-subject design
D. Mixed design
Within-subjects design
The following statistical values (Cohen's d, partial eta squared, r2) are measures of effect sizes and these effect sizes...
A. Determine the size of the difference in the means between two groups.
B. Determines the strength of the association between two variables.
C. Should be reported along with the statistical test's significance value.
D. All of the options.
All of the options
The null suggests that there is no effect and that any observed effect is the result of _____________
A. random sampling
B. sampling error
C. alternative hypothesis
D. systematic error
sampling error
The ____________ correlation coefficient is appropriate when one variable is a true dichotomy and the other is measured on an interval / ratio scale.
A. point biserial
B. biserial
C. spearman rho
D. pearson r
point biserial
External validity refers to the ______________ of research results to other people.
A. reactivity
B. selection
C. interference
D. generalizability
generalizability
Non-experimental research is conducted to collect data on variables, while experimental research is conducted to test __________________ about the relationships between variables.
A. explains or accounts for
B. dependent
C. independent
D. hypothesis
hypothesis
If a psychologist conducts a study to test the hypothesis that children who watch violent films are more aggressive than children who watch a nonviolent film, the study's independent variable is _______________ and its dependent variable is ________________
A. type of film (violent vs nonviolent) ; aggressiveness
B. children ; aggressiveness
C. aggressiveness ; type of film (violent vs nonviolent)
D. aggressiveness ; children
type of film (violent vs nonviolent) ; aggressiveness
An inferential statistical test enables an investigator to determine the probability of obtaining a sample with a particular value by comparing the obtained sample value to an appropriate _________________ distribution.
A. population
B. sampling
C. normal
D. skewed
sampling
The _____________ correlation is used when both variables are ranks
A. pearson r
B. point biserial
C. spearman rho
D. biserial
spearman rho