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100

1. Select two sentences from Passage 1 that show that Ellen is willing to consider another person’s point of view. (RL.1.1)

  • “I saw that she still wore the same gloomy expression of countenance, which had been manifested in the morning; and I was disposed to remove from her mind the evil influence, by a plain common-sense conversation.” (paragraph 5)
  • “‘I have frequently heard you say that you would not be confined to house-hold duties and that you disliked the millinery business altogether, because you could not have your evenings for leisure.’”(paragraph 6)
  • “‘What difference does it make,’ said I, ‘whether you shall be awaked [sic] by a bell, or the noisy bustle of a farm-house?’” (paragraph 10)
  • “Ellen’s hearty laugh interrupted my description—and presently we proceeded, very pleasantly, to compare a country life with a factory life in Lowell.” (paragraph 13)
  • “Her scowl of discontent had departed, and she was prepared to consider the subject candidly.” (Paragraph 13)

D. “Ellen’s hearty laugh interrupted my description—and presently we proceeded, very pleasantly, to compare a country life with a factory life in Lowell.” (paragraph 13)

E. “Her scowl of discontent had departed, and she was prepared to consider the subject candidly.” (Paragraph 13)

100

6. Part A

         How is the narrator’s point of view different from Ellen’s? (RL.2.6)

  • The narrator thinks that the work the women do in the mill is easy.
  • The narrator recognizes the benefits of living and working in Lowell.
  • The narrator enjoys the sounds of mechanical equipment heard in the city.
  • The narrator acknowledges that there is not enough time for leisure in Lowell
  • The narrator recognizes the benefits of living and working in Lowell.
100

11. Read the following sentence from Passage 2.

“Now, some researchers suspect one type of moth may have a way of effectively broadcasting its toxicity—the insect produces high-pitches sounds of its own.” (paragraph 5)  (RI.1.3)

What is the effect of the word “toxicity” in this sentence?

  • It emphasizes the tiger moths’ bright color.
  • It highlights the tiger moths’ aggressiveness.
  • It shows the danger that tiger moths pose to bats.
  • It shows how bats are affected by different noises
  • It shows the danger that tiger moths pose to bats.
100

16. Part B Select two sentences from Passage 3 that provide relevant support for the answer in Part A. 

A “‘Bats make sounds, listen to echoes, and then see objects,’ notes Simmons.” (paragraph 9)

B “‘We now know that bats have a method of doing synthetic aperture sonar while flying that not only        determines the distance and direction of all the objects in a scene, but also reconstructs one specificobject’s shape.’” (paragraph 9)

C “In Simmons’ experiments, the bats are trained to differentiate sounds with the time separation of those sounds shortened to test the bats’ response.” (paragraph 10)

D “Today’s electronic sonar processing can differentiate between echoes about 12 millionths of a second apart.”  (paragraph 11)

E “Bats have it down to 2 to 3 millionths of a second.” (paragraph 11)

B “‘We now know that bats have a method of doing synthetic aperture sonar while flying that not only        determines the distance and direction of all the objects in a scene, but also reconstructs one specificobject’s shape.’” (paragraph 9)

C “In Simmons’ experiments, the bats are trained to differentiate sounds with the time separation of those sounds shortened to test the bats’ response.” (paragraph 10)

200

2. This question has two parts. First, answer Part A. Then, answer Part B.

         Part A

         2. Which sentence states a theme of Passage 1? (RL.1.2)

  • Hard work pays off in the end.
  • Country life is better than city life.
  • Employers must treat workers with respect.
  • It is important to consider both sides of an argument
  • It is important to consider both sides of an argument
200

7. Part B (RL.2.6)

Select the sentence from Passage 1 that supports the answer in Part A.

  • “‘And so, Ellen,’ said I, ‘you think it unpleasant to rise so early in the morning, and be confined in the noisy mill so many hours in the day.’” (paragraph 6)
  • “‘But we must not forget that there are advantages, as well as disadvantages, in this employment, as in every other.’” (paragraph 6)
  • “‘All that is very true,’ replied Ellen, ‘but if we were to attend every public institution, and every evening school which offers itself for our improvement, we might spend every farthing of our earnings, and even more.’” (paragraph 7)
  • “‘But then,’ said Ellen, ‘country people have none of the clattering of machinery constantly dinning in their ears.’” (paragraph 11)
  • “‘But we must not forget that there are advantages, as well as disadvantages, in this employment, as in every other.’” (paragraph 6)
200

12. How does paragraph 1 of Passage 1 contribute to the development of the author’s ideas? (RI.1.3)

  • A By focusing on echolocation in bats, paragraph 1 explains how humans can benefit from studying echolocation.
  • By explaining specific uses for echolocation, paragraph 1 gives information about how bats developed the ability to echolocate.
  • By giving examples of objects that can be detected through echolocation, paragraph 1 explains how animals can avoid detection.
  • By giving a detailed description of how echolocation works, paragraph 1 helps the reader understand how other animals use echolocation.
  • By giving a detailed description of how echolocation works, paragraph 1 helps the reader understand how other animals use echolocation.
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3. Select two sentences that support the answer in Part A. (RL.1.2)

  • “And so, Ellen,” said I, “you think it unpleasant to rise so early in the morning, and be confined in the noisy mill so many hours in the day.
  • And I think so, too.
  • All this, and much more, is very annoying, no doubt.
  • But we must not forget that there are advantages, as well as disadvantages, in this employment, as in every other.
  • If we expect to find all sun-shine and flowers in any station in life, we shall most surely be disappointed.
  • We are very busily engaged during the day; but then we have the evening to ourselves, with no one to dictate to or control us.
  • I have frequently heard you say that you would not be confined to house-hold duties and that you disliked the millinery business altogether, because you could not have your evenings for leisure.
  • You know that in Lowell we have schools, lectures, and  meetings of every description, for moral and intellectual improvement.”
  • But we must not forget that there are advantages, as well as disadvantages, in this employment, as in every other.
  • If we expect to find all sun-shine and flowers in any station in life, we shall most surely be disappointed.
300

8. Select two sentences from Passage 2 that support the inference that researchers are unsure of the effect that clicking moths have on bats. (RI.1.1)

  •  “As a bat zips through the night sky, it sends out high-pitched squeaks, bouncing sound waves off of objects and unsuspecting prey.” (paragraph 5)
  • “While most insect victims would have trouble fighting back, many dive and loop to avoid enemies, and some have the added advantage of being poisonous.” (paragraph 5)
  • “Tiger moths have a special clicker called a tymbal built into their thorax.” (paragraph 6)
  • “Scientists have proposed a few reasons for the tymbal’s success, ranging from its potential to startle a bat to its possible role as a ‘jammer’ that garbles the bats’ hunting squeaks.” (paragraph 6)
  • “The bat may recognize the clicks from the 11,000 tiger moth species, learning to avoid the critters after an initial bout of food poisoning.” (Paragraph 7)
  • “Scientists have proposed a few reasons for the tymbal’s success, ranging from its potential to startle a bat to its possible role as a ‘jammer’ that garbles the bats’ hunting squeaks.” (paragraph 6)
  • “The bat may recognize the clicks from the 11,000 tiger moth species, learning to avoid the critters after an initial bout of food poisoning.” (Paragraph 7)
300

13. This question has two parts. First, answer Part A. Then, answer Part B.

Part A What is the purpose of Passage 2?  (RI.2.4)

  •  to discuss the various animals that use echolocation
  • to explain how a certain type of animal can counteract bat echolocation
  • to explain that humans have developed military equipment by copying echolocation in bats
  • to give examples of the experiments that researchers have conducted to observe bat echolocation
  • to explain how a certain type of animal can counteract bat echolocation
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4. How do the repeated references to the ringing bell affect the dialogue between the narrator and Ellen 

     throughout Passage 1? (RL.1.3)

  • A They show what the narrator has done to improve her life.
  • B They add to the tension of the choice Ellen is trying to make.
  • C They provide a contrast for the work the women do in the mill.
  • D They help readers understand why Ellen wants to stay in the city
  • B They add to the tension of the choice Ellen is trying to make.
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9.  Part A

       What are two central ideas of Passage 2?    (RI.1.2)

  • Bats cannot see colors.
  • Bats use echolocation to hunt.
  • Many animals use echolocation.
  • Scientists study echolocation in moths.
  • One type of moth makes a clicking sound to avoid bats

  • Bats use echolocation to hunt.
  • One type of moth makes a clicking sound to avoid bats
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14. Part B How does the author of Passage 2 develop the purpose? (RI.2.4)

A. by listing other ways that animals use echolocation

B. by explaining a theory for why tiger moths make certain sounds

C. by discussing several strategies used by tiger moths to avoid bats

D. by giving examples of specific bat behaviors related to echolocation

B. by explaining a theory for why tiger moths make certain sounds

500

5. What does the phrase “destitute of friends” suggest in paragraph 7? (RL.2.4)

  • that Ellen considers friends unimportant
  • that the women may lose their friendships
  • that the friendships the women make are strong
  • that Ellen is concerned about her friends’ well-being
  • that the women may lose their friendships
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10. Part B

       How does the author of Passage 2 develop the central ideas in Part A?  (RI.1.2)

  • by discussing science experiments on bats
  • by explaining what people can learn from animals
  • by specifying the similarities between tiger moths and bats
  • by describing the relationship between bats and tiger moths
  • by describing the relationship between bats and tiger moths
500

15. This question has two parts. First, answer Part A. Then, answer Part B.

Part A How does Passage 3 support the claim that the U.S. military would like to improve its sonar technology? (RI.2.5)

A It illustrates how existing technology was developed through specific examples.

B It gives statistical evidence that explains how technology has improved in the past.

C It explains how bats echolocate and gives examples of situations where echolocation might occur.

D It describes how scientists train bats and observe specific behaviors to learn how echolocation works.

D It describes how scientists train bats and observe specific behaviors to learn how echolocation works.