Chapter 5 – England, France, and Burgundy in the 15th Cent.
What are the three M’s in musical genres within the Renaissance period? For each, were they mostly secular or mostly sacred?
Motets (secular but eventually sacred), Madrigals (mostly secular), and Masses (sacred clearly)
True or false: The Renaissance had one set musical style
False! Music changed rapidly during the Renaissance period and varied a lot in different areas across Europe
What are two examples of Early Italian styles of songs?
Frottola and Lauda
Which instrument is typically associated with the instrumental style Setting of Existing Melodies?
The organ (plays the cantus firmus as a decoration/heterophony behind the choir singing a chant)
Which composer is considered the “savior of Church Music?”
Dunstable, Du Fay, and Binchois are...?
Composers from 15th Century England, France, and Burgundy (Dunstable – England; Du Fay and Binchois – France)
Ockeghem, Busnoys, Isaac, Obrecht are names of...
Other Northern composers from the Renaissance!
How would you describe the characteristics of the Madrigal song? (many answers)
Through-composed form (no repetition and no refrain); Homophonic and contrapuntal texture; 4 or 5 equal vocal parts; One of the Three M’s (mass, madrigal, motet); Secular song for enjoyment – later becomes more professional
Which style of instrumental music is characterized by embellishments and intabulations?
Arrangements of Vocal Music (instruments rework existing vocal music)
What term is used to describe new texts fitted to old melodies?
Contrafacta
Which intervals came to be considered “good”/consonant and become widely used during the Renaissance period? (HINT: there are 2 of them)
Thirds and sixths
BONUS TIDBIT: during this time, Tinctoris and Zarlino wrote books on counterpoint and considered how harmony parts were supposed to work together
Masses are named in regard to a variety of musical situations. Fill in the correct translation: (100 points per correct answer)
Missa quinti toni: ______
Missa sine nomine: _____
Missa prolatonum: _____
Missa quinti toni: Mass in Mode 5 (named for the mode it is in)
Missa sine nomine: Mass Without a Name (Untitled)
Missa prolatonum: Mass as a canon
The Paraphrase Mass: Melody (from a hymn melody) is NOT in the tenor, but in all four parts; The melody may be heard in whole or in part
What is the significance of: Villanella, Villancico, Canzonetta, Balletto?
They are genres/styles of Later Italian and Spanish secular song
What are some characteristics of the instrumental style of Dance?
Straight-forward music with a specific rhythm for dancers to follow
Which 2 churches/theological systems stayed close or remained in Catholicism ways?
Lutheran & Anglican
The Burgundian Courts provided music for ___ and ___ ; It had a _____ musical style and feel
Church services and entertainment for courts; cosmopolitan feel (influences from France, Italy, Germany, Portugal)
BONUS TIDBIT: Musicians (composers, singers, and instrumentalists) were SALARIED and moved about at various jobs/positions opened (as opposed to always staying in one place like they used to do)
Name some of the musical innovations of Josquin Deprez. (100 points per correct answer!) (I have four pieces of information here)
Abandoned the formes fixes used by many other composers
Not independent musical lines, but interwoven with imitation
Cantus firmus is not the most important voice
All voices are equal importance
Who are Arcadelt, De Rore, Marenzio, Monteverdi, Vicentino, and Gesulado?
Madrigal Composers
To which category do Toccatas, Preludes, Fantasias, Ricercares, and Canzonas belong?
Abstract Musical Works
Which 3 individuals are associated with The Reformation as a theological dispute, outside of Germany, and the third major branch of Protestantism?
Martin Luther, John Calvin, Henry VIII
Voice parts went from tenor, duplum, and triplum in the Middle Ages to ____ (bass), cantus firmus (tenor), ____ (alto), and _____ (soprano) in the Renaissance.
Bassus (bass) (below the tenor), cantus firmus (tenor), contratenor altus (alto) (above the tenor), cantus or superius (soprano) (highest part)
Name some of the musical ideals of the Renaissance. (Think of identifying features of the Renaissance in all the different categories of musical elements!) (100 points per answer!)
Music unified by IMITATION (less polyphony)
Cantus firmus became less important/formative
Cyclic mass and Motet – sacred; Chansons – secular
Less formes fixes or set forms; composers exercised more freedom in form
Josquin was the one to watch and listen to!!!
Text painting!!!
What are John Dowland, Thomas Morley, and Thomas Weelkes all known for?
Writing English Madrigal songs
What are some differences between the styles of Variation and Abstract Musical Works?
Variations rework and are based on preexisting pieces of music while Abstract Musical Works are completely improvised
Which individual or theological system allowed ONLY psalters and no distractions, such as stain-glass windows, paintings, organs, etc.?
John Calvin / The Calvinists