Crusades
What religion were the Christian Europeans trying to remove from the Holy Land?
What event is often considered the starting point of the Protestant Reformation?
Martin Luther's 95 Theses
What was the primary method of transmission for the bubonic plague during the 14th century?
Infected fleas living on rats
Which Italian city-state was considered the birthplace of the Renaissance?
Florence
Which Portuguese explorer was the first European to reach India by sea in 1498?
Vasco De Gama
Which city was the primary objective of the First Crusade?
Jerusalem
What was the primary language that Martin Luther used to translate the Bible?
German
What percentage of Europe's population is estimated to have died during the Plague?
30-60%
The Renaissance philosophy that emphasized the potential of human beings was known as:
Humanism
What was the primary motivation for European exploration during the Age of Discovery?
Trade and economic gain
Which Muslim leader successfully united Muslim forces against the Crusaders during the Third Crusade?
Saladin
Which English monarch established the Church of England?
Henry VIII
What significant social and economic impact did the plague have on medieval Europe?
Led to higher wages for surviving workers
Which Renaissance artist painted "The School of Athens"?
Michaelangelo
The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) divided the New World between which two nations?
Spain and Portugal
What was a major long-term effect of the Crusades?
Increased trade and knowledge of the Middle East
Which technology helped spread Protestant ideas quickly throughout Europe?
What factor contributed most to the spread of the plague on trade routes?
Merchant ships carrying rats
The Renaissance period marked a revival of interest in which ancient civilizations?
Greek and Roman Civilization
Who was the first explorer to circumnavigate the globe?
Ferdinand Magellan's Crew
The Children's Crusade of 1212 was:
A tragic movement leading to death and slavery
What practice of selling forgiveness for sins did Luther strongly oppose?
Indulgences
What were the symptoms of the plague?
Large sores on the body
What revolutionary invention helped spread Renaissance ideas throughout Europe?
The Spanish conquistadors were primarily motivated by:
Gold and glory