CATALHÖYÜK
:major achievement:
one of the oldest permanent and advanced settlement, demonstrated advanced construction techniques.
:major achievement:
known for its yangshao pottery with geometric designs.
:major achievement:
established the Nile River Valley, agriculture, adopted new techniques from Mediterranean cultures.
:major achievement:
domesticated maize
:what is göbekli tepe:
the world’s first temple in fertile crescent.
:customs and beliefs:
Buried their dead beneath home floors, religious symbolic clay figures. They also farmed for food and domesticated cattle.
:customs and beliefs:
buried their dead with grave goods, believed in a link between the living and the dead.
:customs and beliefs:
farmed and domesticated grains and animals, accepted new practices from neighboring cultures.(culture diffusion)
:customs and beliefs:
Zapotec pantheon was rich and bewildering - had gods for rain, sun, earth, wind, and war.
:Describe göbekli tepe:
ancient builders formed massive limestone T shape pillars, carved ferocious animals, and arranged in circles. It is remarkable as it is believed that hunter-gathers built it since it was built miles away from any Neolithic settlement, water source, and agricultural land.
:social structures:
Lived in packed houses, no roads— used ladders to enter houses from the roof,plastered walls covered with murals showing hunting, daily life, and important events.
:social structures:
yangshao cultural hearth site - large farming village, population divided into clans and were matrilineal. (traced by the mother)
:social structures:
earliest farming village supporting a large population, built fireplaces, clay floors, postholes for building foundations.
:social structures:
Zapotec cloud people lived in cities.
:arts and technology:
pottery, jewelry, cup, cloth, bone utensils, and tools, metallurgy - metal working. They also had horned bull heads and clay figure.
:arts and technology:
grew millet (staple) and hemp and cultivated silk for textiles, yangshao pottery with geometric designs jade and copper.
:arts and technology:
storage pots for grains, flint and wood sickle.
:arts and technology:
High level of sophistication in architecture, the arts, writing and engineering projects. Oaxaca made stone tools for grinding the hard maize kernels into flour for baking.
What are the 2 markers of civilization?
Agriculture
organized religion.
Define :
clan
cultural diffusion
Clan: family grouping
cultural diffusion:the presses by which cultures interact and spread from 1 area to another.
Define :
maize
matrilineal
Maize:corn
matrilineal:traced descendants through the mother rather than the father.
Define:
metallurgy
staple
Metallurgy:metal working
staple:main crop
Define:
surplus
Nile River Valley
Surplus:extra food for later
Nile River Valley:
Define:
Religion
Civilization
Temple
Religion: Belief in and worship of gods and goddesses
Civilization: Advanced and complex society
Temple: A place of worship