Memory
Grouping separate pieces of information into a single unit
a) Grouping
b) Connecting
c) Combining
d) Chunking
He studied the behavior of dogs and developed a theory of classical conditioning,
a) Skinner
b) Bandura
c) Maslow
d) Pavlov
Operant conditioning is a method of learning attributed to this theorist.
a) Pavlov
b) Rogers
c) Maslow
d) Skinner
The first step in solving a problem.
a) acknowledging the problem
b) Defining the problem
c) having a goal
d) discussing the problem with someone
Language that occurs around 4 months of age. It is a stage of early language development.
a) Babbling
b) Rambling
c) Chattering
d) Jabbering
The storage capacity for long-term memory is:
a) complicated
b) limited
c) essentially limitless
d) It is unknown
Encoding is similar to this part of a computer.
a) keyboard
b) monitor
c) hard drive
d) memory
The gradual weaking or suppression of a previously conditioned response.
a) Elimination
b) Extinction
c) suppression
d) removal
Adding a stimulus, such as praise, is this type of reinforcement, and taking away a stimulus, such as car keys is this type of reinforcement.
a) positive reinforcement; negative punishment
b) positive reinforcement; negative reinforcement
c) negative reinforcement; positive punishment
d) It really does depend on the situation.
A step-by-step procedure when solving a problem.
a) Heuristic
a) Algorithm
c) availability
d) Procedure
telegraphic speech
a) the beginning stages of language development
b) short phrases starting at age 3
c) two-word stage of language development
d) all the above
The three functions of memory are:
a) automatic processing, effortful processing, and storage
b) encoding, processing, storage
c) automatic processing, storage, and retrieval
d) encoding, storage, retrieval
When doing things without awareness is this type of memory.
a) Implicit
b) instinct
c) automatic
d) Spontaneous recovery
Watson introduced a white rat and loud noise to this infant.
a) Little Albert
b) Little Andrew
c) Little Alex
d) Little Adan
Yelling at a child or adding a chore would be this.
a) Positive Punishment
b) Negative Punishment
c) Reinforcement
d) A child who is not happy
Making a decision based on your current emotions.
a) Affect Heuristic
b) Reaction Heuristic
c) Feelings Heuristic
d) Instinct Heuristic
What is an achievement test?
a) A test designed to assess what a person has learned.
b) A test to predict future performance.
c) A test to determine an individual's IQ
d) A test to identify a student's strengths.
An exceptionally clear recollection of an important or traumatic event is a(n) ________.
a) engram
b) arousal theory
c) flashbulb memory
d) good memory
What is primacy effect?
a) Remembering things at the beginning of a list.
b) Remembering things at the end of a list.
c) Remembering things from repetition.
d) Remembering things when using mnemonics.
The experiment with Little Albert confirmed that classical conditioning can be used to form what?
a) a fear
b) anxiety
c) a panic disorder
d) a phobia
Rather than be openly aggressive when feeling angry, we resort to more subtle techniques.
a) passive aggressiveness
b) assertiveness
c) aggression
d) self-assertiveness
Trying a method for problem solving a situation and if it doesn't work, you try something else. This is known as trial and _____.
a) mistake
b) fallacy
c) glitch
d) error
He created the first intelligence test (The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
a) Alfred Wechsler
b) Alfred Binet
c) Theodore Simon
d) William Stern
When Stacy sees a young man driving down the street in a VW bug with a surfboard out the back of his car, and she thinks he is a surfer, she is using:
a) the availability heuristic
b) the confirmation bias
c) belief perseverance
d) the representative heuristic
A lasting image of a traumatic experience.
a) flashbulb memory
b) flashback memory
c) repressed memory
d) implanted memory
Classical conditioning also demonstrates 3 theories. The 3 theories are extinction, spontaneous recovery, and what other theory?
a) Conditioning
b) Association
c) Shaping
d) Generalization
Teaching a dog to roll over by teaching him to sit first (using treats each time he sits), and then lay down (using treats), performing the motion of rolling over (using treats) and eventually rolling over (using extra treats) is an example of this.
a) Shaping
b) modeling
c) learning
d) molding
You decide not to fly when taking a long trip after hearing about a recent plane crash.
a) Representativeness Heuristic
b) Accessibility Heuristic
c) Possibility Heuristic
d) Availability Heuristic
Intellectually disabled IQ
a) 70 or below
b) 75 or below
c) 90 or below
d) 80 or below
After the movie Jaws came out, people were afraid to go into the ocean. This was due to:
a) their representative heuristic
b) belief perseverance
c) the availability heuristic
d) the confirmation bias
What is the first stage of the memory model?
a) working memory
b) implicit memory
c) short-term memory
d) sensory memory
Pavlov studied the behaviors of _______.
a) rats
b) dogs
c) rabbits
d) different animals
Conditioning is a type of learning by ________.
a) observation
b) reedition
c) modeling
d) association
Heuristics will be most useful for which of the following situations?
a) choosing the correct answer on a test
b) when given a week to make a decision about a job
c) putting together a research paper
d) wanting to make the easiest decision on what job to take
If a proposed intelligence test turned out to really be a test of patience rather than intelligence, it would be criticized for lacking ________,
a) reliability
b) consistency
c) accuracy
d) validity
Children understand complex sentences by ______.
a) early elementary school
b) by the time they start first grade.
c) the time they are finished with kindergarten.
d) by the time they turn 3 years of age.
Naming the capitals of each state in the United States would fall under what type of memory.
a) sematic
b) episodic
c) implicit
d) prospective
Reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response is spontaneous ________.
a) recovery
b) retrieval
c) recouping
d) recapture
Where did Watson and Rayner's experiment take place?
a) Stanford University
b) Harvard University
c) John Hopkin's University
d) Yale University
The way we present an issue can be a powerful tool for persuasion. This is known as _______.
a) shaping
b) priming
c) framing
d) prompting
In the area of intelligence, WAIS stands for:
a) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
b) Wernicke Adult Intelligence Scale
c) Wechsler Aptitude and Intelligence Scale
d) Wernicke Approximate Intelligence Scale
Remember that box of captain crunch cereal that I grab while shopping? As a matter of fact, I just bought one yesterday. This is because of ________.
a) familiarity heuristics
b) basic heuristics
c) common heuristics
d) similar heuristics
Robert is unable to remember anything immediately after his car accident. He doesn't recall the ambulance taking him to the hospital or talking to the doctor. What type of amnesia is this?
a) retrograde
b) anterograde
c) local
d) generalized
Thorndike developed the __________.
a) law of effort
b) law of energy
c) law of effusion
d) law of effect
Not picking up the phone knowing it is a bill collector.
a) avoidance behavior
b) dodging behavior
c) eluding behavior
d) voiding behavior
list 10 ideas of what you can do with a coin. This is an example of ___________.
a) convergent thinking
b) Creative thinking
c) divergent thinking
d) diverse thinking
If an intelligence test is reliable, you would expect people to:
a) be able to cheat on the test
b) get a better score each time they take the test
c) get a similar score each time they take the test
d) take longer to take the test if they take it again
Rewarding successive approximations toward a target behavior is ________.
a) shaping
b) extinction
c) reinforcement
d) procedure
A person who has just eaten supper completes the word fragment __o __k as fork (rather than book, look, etc.). This is an example of _______.
a) conditioning
b) recognition
c) priming
d) relearning
Gerald got sick after eating a peach. Now he feels sick when he looks at peaches, nectarines or plums. This illustrates ________.
a) spontaneous recovery
b) intermittent reinforcement
c) avoidance
d) generalization
Positive reinforcement _____ the likelihood of a behavior, and negative reinforcement ______ the likelihood of a behavior.
a) increases, increases
b) decreases, decreases
c) increases, decreases
d) decreases, increases
The average IQ is _____ and mental giftedness is _____.
a) 110, 140
b) 100. 130
c) 100, 135
d) 110, 135
Divergent thinking is to ____ as convergent thinking is to ______.
a) one solution, many solutions
b) many solutions, one solution
c) mathematical ability, intrinsic motivation
d) extrinsic motivation, b) intrinsic motivation
In Bandura's doll study, when the children who watched their aggressive model were placed in a room with a doll and other toys, they ___.
a) ignored the doll
b) played nicely with the doll
c) played with other toys in the room
d) kicked and punched the doll
After a stroke, 22-year-old Matt can no longer remember his childhood friends or the vacation he took with his family. Matt is suffering from ___
a) retrograde amnesia
b) anterograde amnesia
c) functional fixedness
d) generalized amnesia
Relatively permanent change in behavior or mental processes resulting from practice or experience is the definition of ________,
a) conditioning
b) learning
c) knowledge
d) insight
You decide to clean up your mess in the kitchen to avoid getting into a fight with your roommate. This is an example of __________.
a) negative reinforcement
b) positive reinforcement
c) positive punishment
d) negative punishment
What is the last stage of problem solving?
a) reviewing it with someone else
b) writing down the steps in solving the problem
c) put your solution into action
d) making any revisions
an "aha" moment
a) awareness
b) understanding
c) insight
d) intuition
Using strategies such as rhymes to memorize material for a test is an example of _________.
a) mnemonics
b) prompts
c) memory tasks
d) retention