Charlemagne
The Father of Europe
Where did monks and nuns copy books?
The scriptorium
How was the feudal hierarchy organized?
(explain the pyramid…who is at the top? Who is at the bottom?)
1. King
2. Nobles
3. Knights
4. Peasants
What did the lord (noble) of the manor give the peasants? (3 things)
The lord (noble) gave them housing, farmland, and protection.
Illness
Malattia
Charlemagne united almost all the lands of Western Europe into one state called….
The Holy Roman Empire
Monks and nuns lived ascetic lives. What were common activities for monks and nuns?
They dedicated their lives and time to God, praying, manual labor, reading & writing, and preparing medicine.
They did not do things for personal pleasure.
What did the king give to the nobles?
Land and responsibility
The peasants lived houses with dirt floors and two rooms: one for cooking and doing housework, and the other for sleeping on piles of straw. At night, how did they keep the house warm?
They brought the pigs inside.
Agreements
Accordi
Charlemagne create two new standards in the Holy Roman Empire. One standard involved currency and the other standard involved writing. What were they?
1. He created a new standard currency called the livre, based on silver, that made trade in the Holy Roman Empire easier.
2. He created a new standard writing style called the Carolingian Minuscule that was more legible and easy to copy.
Why was monasticism popular for women?
They could escape unwanted marriages and as a nun they could receive an education and have some power.
What did the nobles give to the king?
Knights services and money from taxes
What were two common problems for the peasants?
Illness and malnutrition
Appealing
Attraente
Charlemagne considered education very important. What are two things he did to help education in the Holy Roman Empire?
1. He orders the creation of new schools and expanded the educational system.
2. He provided school with textbooks, libraries, and teaching techniques.
Who is the father of western monasticism?
Benedict of Nursia
What did the peasants give the knights?
Peasants lived on average for _____ years and did not travel more than ____ miles from their homes.
1. 35 years
2. 25 miles
Currency
Valuta
What was the Dominican’s special goal?
Suppressing heresy
Who was head of the Viking army that invaded France and made a deal with King Charles?
Rollo
What were the main taxes peasants had to pay on the manor? (3)
1. A tax for the grain they ground (macinato) in the lord’s mill.
2. A tax to get married.
3. A tithe/church tax where they gave 1/10 of their income (reddito).
Education
Istruzione