Prokaryote vs Eukaryote
The primary difference between these two cell types is that one lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
What is Prokaryotic cells?
Often called the "powerhouse" of the cell, this organelle is responsible for converting glucose into usable energy (ATP)
What is the mitochondria?
This describes the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium is reached.
What is diffusion?
This is the specific term for the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
What is osmosis?
Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and this sugar molecule.
What is glucose (or sugar)?
This is an example of an organism made of prokaryotic cells.
What is bacteria?
This organelle is found only in plant cells and captures energy from sunlight to produce food.
What is the chloroplast?
This type of transport requires cellular energy, usually in the form of ATP, to move substances across the cell membrane.
What is active transport?
When a cell is placed in this type of solution, water moves into the cell, causing it to swell or potentially burst
What is a hypotonic solution?
This is the primary energy currency used by cells, which is produced during cellular respiration.
What is ATP?
Name two structures found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
What are ribosomes, cell membranes, cytoplasm, and/or DNA?
This glue-like material fills the cell and surrounds the organelles.
What is the cytoplasm?
The cell membrane has this characteristic, meaning it only allows certain molecules to pass through.
What is selectively permeable (or semi-permeable)?
Your fingers look like prunes after a long time in the tub because of this process.
What is osmosis (water moving into the skin cells)?
The equations for photosynthesis and cellular respiration are essentially opposites. The products of one process are the ______ of the other.
What are the reactants?
Eukaryotic cells are typically much larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells, often by a factor of 10 to 100 times in size.
What is size difference?
This organelle modifies, packages, and transports materials, like proteins and lipids, out of the cell.
What is the Golgi apparatus?
The Sodium-Potassium pump is a specific example of this, where protein pumps actively move ions against their concentration gradient.
What is active transport (or protein pump transport)?
In an isotonic solution, the concentration of solutes is equal inside and outside the cell, resulting in this state.
What is equilibrium?
This process, which releases energy from glucose without requiring oxygen, is called this.
What is fermentation?
Beyond lacking a nucleus, prokaryotes typically do not have these internal, membrane-enclosed structures that perform specific functions within the cell.
What are membrane-bound organelles?
This structure, which can be rough or smooth, is involved in protein synthesis
What is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
The sodium-potassium pump is an example of this type of transport, where ATP is directly used to move both sodium and potassium ions against their concentration gradients,
What is primary active transport?
What happens to an animal cell placed in a hypertonic (salty) solution?
What is it shrinks (or loses water)?
This organelle is where most of the energy is released in the process of cellular respiration, while this organelle is where photosynthesis occurs.
What are the mitochondria and the chloroplast?