Critical Thinking
This tendency to favor information that supports your existing beliefs, while disregarding contradictory evidence, can lead to faulty decision-making.
What is confirmation bias
This type of psychologist helps people deal with everyday problems like stress, friendships, and school pressure—not usually serious mental illnesses.
What is a counseling psychologist
This early approach tried to understand the mind by studying its smallest parts, like simple sensations and images.
What is structuralism
This school of psychology focuses on how people naturally organize what they see into whole patterns instead of separate parts.
What is Gestalt psychology
According to Freud, this part of the mind contains thoughts and feelings you’re aware of right now.
What is the conscious mind
Despite appearing scientific, this type of belief system lacks reproducible evidence and often ignores the scientific method — an example being crystal healing.
What is pseudoscience
This type of psychologist studies how the brain and nervous system affect behavior and helps people with brain injuries or memory problems.
What is a neuropsychologist
This early psychological perspective studied how the mind helps people survive and adapt.
What is functionalism
This psychologist conducted an experiment, finding that you can condition a dog to salivate at the sound of a bell after hearing it with food.
What is Ivan Pavlov
Before a student can focus on learning and creativity, they need to feel safe and have enough food and sleep—these needs make up the base of this famous pyramid of human motivation.
What is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Used in both science and philosophy, this principle favors hypotheses with the simplest assumptions.
What is occam’s razor
This psychologist works with police and courts to understand criminals’ minds and help with legal cases.
What is a forensic psychologist
Known for his lab in Leipzig, Germany, this psychologist is famous for studying the basic elements of consciousness.
What is Wilhelm Wundt
One Gestalt principle, called this, says we tend to group things that are close together as belonging together.
What is proximity
During a speech, a person accidentally says “I’m so mad I love you” instead of “I’m so glad I love you,” revealing a hidden feeling—this kind of slip is named after this famous psychologist.
What is a Freudian slip
In science and psychology, this important idea means that if someone repeats your experiment, they should get the same results.
What is replicability
This psychologist treats people with serious mental health issues, such as depression or anxiety, often using therapy.
What is a clinical psychologist
Structuralists often used this method, where people carefully examined and reported their own thoughts and feelings during an experiment.
What is introspection
In this type of conditioning, behaviors increase because they are followed by rewards or decrease because of punishments.
What is operant conditioning
The aspect of your mind that you satisfy when you want to eat a whole cake but decide to have just one slice because you know it’s healthier.
What is the ego
Jamie was asked if the Mississippi River is longer or shorter than 2,000 miles. Then he guessed it was 2,100 miles long—even though it's actually over 2,300 miles. This mental shortcut, where people rely too much on the first number they hear, is called this.
What is anchoring bias
A company hires this kind of psychologist to design better job interviews and help keep workers happy and productive.
From this perspective, emotions like fear are important because they help you react quickly and stay safe, not just because something is objectively “scary”.
What is functionalism
When you see a circle made of dashed lines, your brain fills in the missing parts so you still perceive it as a complete shape—this is an example of this Gestalt principle.
What is closure
A therapist showing this, where they accept and support a client no matter what, helps people grow according to humanist ideas.
What is unconditional positive regard