Ecosystems
What is the role of a producer in a food chain?
To make its own food using sunlight (photosynthesis).
Which gas do plants take in for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide.
What is a hypothesis?
A testable prediction based on observations.
Are bacteria living organisms?
Yes.
What part of the plant absorbs water?
The roots.
What is a consumer in an ecosystem?
An organism that eats other organisms.
Where is the ozone layer located?
In the stratosphere.
Why is it important to repeat experiments?
To confirm results and improve accuracy.
What is fermentation?
A process where microorganisms break down sugars to produce energy, often creating gases or alcohol.
What is the function of the stem?
To support the plant and transport water and nutrients.
Explain what biodiversity is.
The variety of living organisms in an ecosystem.
What causes acid rain?
Pollution from sulfur and nitrogen oxides mixing with rainwater.
What’s the difference between a scientific theory and a hypothesis?
A theory is a well-tested explanation; a hypothesis is a testable guess.
How do antibiotics help people?
They kill or stop the growth of bacteria.
What is chlorophyll?
A green pigment in plants that captures light energy.
What could happen if a species is removed from a food web?
It may cause imbalance; predators or prey may overpopulate or starve.
Why is too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere a problem?
It traps heat and causes global warming.
How do you reduce bias in a scientific experiment?
Use randomization, control groups, and repeat the tests.
What is one difference between viruses and bacteria?
Bacteria are living and can reproduce; viruses need a host cell.
What is pollination?
The transfer of pollen from the male to the female part of a plant.
What is an ecological niche?
The role a species plays in its environment, including its diet, habitat, and interactions.
How could climate change affect the water cycle?
It may cause more evaporation, intense storms, and uneven rainfall.
Explain the importance of peer review in science.
It ensures experiments are valid and results are trustworthy.
How do vaccines work?
They train the immune system to recognize and fight specific pathogens.
Describe the stages of seed germination.
Water is absorbed, the seed swells, roots grow, then the shoot emerges.