LAND & PEOPLE
A Texas culture lived in permanent farming villages in East Texas where forests, rainfall, and fertile soil were common. Which culture is BEST supported by these clues?
The Caddo
Why is Alonso Álvarez de Pineda's 1519 expedition historically significant?
He mapped the Gulf Coast and increased European knowledge of the Texas coast.
Spain wants to convert Native peoples to Catholicism AND strengthen its claim to Texas. What institution best served both purposes?
A mission
What 1810 event transformed opposition to Spanish rule into a larger independence movement in New Spain?
Father Miguel Hidalgo's Cry of Dolores
Moses Austin received permission to bring settlers to Texas but died before carrying out the plan. Who continued his work?
Stephen F. Austin
Why did many Plains peoples depend heavily on bison while Caddo communities depended more on farming?
Different Texas environments provided different resources and shaped different ways of life.
Cabeza de Vaca did NOT establish a permanent colony. Why were his experiences still historically significant?
His accounts gave Europeans information about Texas and its Indigenous peoples and encouraged later exploration.
A remote Spanish mission is vulnerable to attack. What should Spain build nearby, and WHY?
A presidio, because soldiers could protect the mission and Spanish settlement.
Why was the Casas Revolt important even though it failed?
It showed that the Mexican independence movement had spread into Spanish Texas.
Which empresario is different from Stephen F. Austin and Green DeWitt because he was Mexican-born and established Victoria?
Martín De León
A group in dry western Texas uses irrigation, farms near limited water, and builds permanent settlements. Which relationship does this BEST demonstrate?
People adapted to the physical environment by managing scarce water.
Coronado searched for the Seven Cities of Gold but found no great riches. What broader conclusion is BEST supported?
Rumors of wealth could motivate exploration even when the information was inaccurate.
Father Francisco Hidalgo asked French officials for help after Spain refused to reopen East Texas missions. Why was this action significant?
French involvement increased Spanish concern and helped renew Spanish activity in East Texas.
José Gutiérrez de Lara and Augustus Magee organized a force that captured several Texas settlements. What was this force called?
The Republican Army of the North
Why did Mexico use empresarios after independence?
To bring settlers into Texas, develop the region, and strengthen Mexican control.
Two Texas regions have different rainfall, landforms, plants, and animals. What is the BEST historical conclusion about Native cultures living there?
Their cultures developed differently because available resources and environments were different.
La Salle intended to establish a French colony near the Mississippi River but landed far from his intended destination. Why did Spain care about his failed colony?
French settlement threatened Spain's territorial claim to Texas.
Why was the founding of San Antonio in 1718 strategically important to Spain?
It helped connect Spanish settlements and strengthened Spain's permanent control of Texas.
The Republican Army captured Nacogdoches, La Bahía, and San Antonio before being defeated. What conclusion is BEST supported?
Spanish control of Texas could be seriously challenged, but the rebels struggled to maintain control.
The Mexican Constitution of 1824 created a federal system and joined Texas with Coahuila. Why is this important to Texas history?
It organized Texas under the new Mexican government and shared power between national and state governments.
A historian claims, "Texas geography influenced Native cultures but did not determine one single way of life." What evidence BEST supports this claim?
Different groups adapted differently to the resources and conditions of their regions.
Put these in the correct historical relationship: La Salle establishes Fort St. Louis; Spain becomes concerned; Spain expands missions and settlements.
French presence threatened Spain → Spain feared losing its claim → Spain increased settlement and control.
Complete the historical chain:
French competition → Spanish concern → missions and presidios → ________
A stronger permanent Spanish presence and territorial claim in Texas
Put these events in correct order:
Cry of Dolores
Battle of Medina
Adams-Onís Treaty
James Long Expedition
Mexican Independence
Cry of Dolores → Battle of Medina → Adams-Onís Treaty → James Long Expedition → Mexican Independence
Contrast the basic settlement goals of Spain and Mexico in Texas.
Spain emphasized missions, conversion, and imperial control; Mexico used colonization laws and empresarios to attract settlers and develop the region.