Section 1
Shorter periods that historian divided history into to make it easier to manage. These time periods can be put together whenever they share a defining characteristic.
Eras
Another name for the first Americans
Paleo-Indians
People who study the objects that people in the past left behind.
Archaeologist
People who study the past and examine how people and societies change over time
Historians
What made the Karankawas ill and die out at an alarming rate
European diseases
The Karankawas and Coahulitecans did not where much of what?
Clothing
People who hunt wild animals and gather plants for food
Hunter-gatherers
During the spring and summer, when herds of bison and deer were more common, the Karankawas moved _________
Inland
Because many groups lived in the same area, they tended to develop some similar ___________
Culture traits
The place in which diggers have found very old artifacts that were created probably before the Clovis culture
Buttermilk Creek
One site located in the High Plains region where hundreds of fossils found in this region have helped scholars learn about the types of animals early people hunted
Lubbock Lake
This culture appeared in North America between 11,000 and 12,000 years ago
Clovis culture
What the Karankawas were known for
Height
By_____ few Coahuiltecan groups remained. The few who remained left and joined other Indian groups.
1800
To keep insects away the Karankawas rubbed what kind of fat onto their body?
Alligator
All night celebrations that celebrated major events, such as religious ceremonies, victory in battle, or the gathering of a plentiful food supply
Mitotes
The time period when the earliest Texans lived before writing existed so we have no writing records of how they lived
Prehistory
Texas history is more than ________ years long
12,000
Scholars who want to understand how people live and relate to each other, whether today or in the past
Anthropologists
The earliest Texans lived long before the invention of ____________
Writing
Portable huts built from bent poles covered in animal skins and reed mats
Wigwams
How many people could each wigwam house?
Seven or Eight
Who changed the life of the Coachluticans making them ill,forced them to face attacks from the Apache Indians, and made the Coachluticans abandoned their traditional ways of life?
Europeans
During the fall and winter months when fish were plentiful, they lived along the _______________
Gulf Coast
Bands that lived in the same area and shared customs are called what?
Culture groups
What does Paleo mean?
Old” or “Ancient
A valuable site just west of Georgetown, that is filled with artifacts of the Clovis culture
Gault site
Many animals that the Paleo-Indians hunted, including mammoths and giant bison, became _____________
Extinct
The people who lived the Southwest of the Karankawas who were not a single, unified group. Rather they included many independent groups who happened to live near each other
Coahuiltecans
The Coahuiltecans were not a single, unified group. Rather they included many __________ groups who happened to live near each other.
Independent
Nomads who were hunter-gatherers who lived from the area near present-day Galveston south to Corpus Christi Bay.
Karankawans
By the _________ there were no Karankawas left
mid-1800s
This era refers to a time when farming and ranching were central to the Texas economy
Cotton, Cattle, and Railroads
The artifacts in the buttermilk creek could be as old as ________ years, created long before the Clovis culture developed.
15,500
An era which began when Mexico won its independence from Spain and ended when Texas formed its own country.
Mexican National Period
Tools, weapons, and other objects made by people
Artifacts
People who moved from place to place
Nomads
What Karankawas use to hunt and fish
Bows and Arrows
How long the Coachuiltecans hair was
Long, hanging down to the waist
The Karankawas gave their children two of what?
Names