Section 3
Who emphasized farming and spread throughout eastern Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Oklahoma about a thousand years ago?
Caddo
Caddo women managed the household and handled major family decisions. In each residence, an elderly woman oversaw the activities of about how many people living there?
10 to 20
Between the Caddos and the Gulf of Mexico lived a people known as the what?
Atakapas
The early Jumanos resided in communities along where?
Rio Grande
Who introduced diseases that killed countless Jumanos?
Spaniards
What is it called when you plant various crops on the same area of land every year?
Crop Rotation
When European explorers arrived in Texas, the Caddos were one of the first groups they encountered. What did Europeans know the Caddos as?
Tejas
The Atakapas territory stretched from Galveston Island to the Sabine River, and it included sections of which state today?
Louisiana
What's another term for animal skins?
Hides
What has historically made life in western and central Texas difficult?
Drought
By the time European explorers came in the region, the Caddos had formed what kind of political organization: loose associations that collaborated?
Confederacies
Who lived to the west of the Caddos along the Red River? Originally from Kansas and Oklahoma, they moved to north-central Texas in the 1700s.
Wichita
What had a devastating impact on the Atakapas by the early 1900s, when there were few left?
European diseases
How many people lived in five Jumano villages near La Junta de los Ríos, north of Big Bend?
10,000
Around when did Juan Sabeata ask the Spanish for protection against the Apaches?
1680s
What did friends who supported one another call themselves?
Allies
In the 1700s, some Wichitas migrated as far south as which current city?
Waco
What were the descendants of the earlier Anasazi society known as?
Jumano
In some settlements, the Jumanos erected their homes around a central plaza; around how many people lived in each one?
30 to 40
Who asked the Spanish for protection against the Apaches, given his extensive experience with the Spanish and his knowledge of their customs and language, as well as the inhabitants of northern Mexico?
Juan Sabeata
What does it mean for families to trace their origins back to the mother's side?
Matrilineal
Wichita Men tattooed their eyelids and drew small lines at the corners of each eye. Because their tattoos made them resemble a certain animal, the Wichitas called themselves Kitikiti'sh, which means what?
Raccoon Eyes
Jumanos built permanent houses consisting of what kind of brick?
Adobe
What made it easier for the Jumanos to travel and kill buffalo?
Horses
By the mid-1700s, the Jumanos had lost control of much of their land; to whom?
Apaches