Row 1
What are the titles of Spanish military installations?
Presidios
La Salle and his crew immediately discovered they couldn't live in the coast's muddy lowlands. They proceeded inland several miles and established a settlement at Garcitas Creek. What was the name of the settlement?
Fort St. Louis
In early 1690, De León and Massanet returned to Texas with several missionaries and perhaps 100 soldiers; the Spanish claimed the land for their king. They then chose a location west of the Neches River and began erecting a mission, which took only a few days. What is the name of the mission?
San Francisco de los Tejas
What year was Sante Fe founded?
1610
The Spanish sent civilian settlers and soldiers to accompany the missionaries; the soldiers' job was to defend their fellow Spaniards. What was brought about by the first Spanish settlers in Texas?
Spanish Colonial Period
On their journeys, the Spanish saw the Hasinais and referred to the Indians as what?
Tejas
Who served at San Francisco de los Tejas and helped establish the San Juan Bautista mission on the Rio Grande?
Francisco Hidalgo
Life was difficult at Fort St. Louis because starvation and sickness killed many settlers; also, the colonists had to protect themselves against who?
Karankawa Indians
An expedition left France in the summer of 1684. It comprised four ships and approximately 300 soldiers and settlers. The expedition ran into problems when one of the ships was taken by Spanish pirates. Then several of the sailors deserted, later informing the Spanish of the expedition's plans. What was the name of the expedition?
La Salle Expedition
Ysleta was founded as a home for which indigenous group?
Tigua Indians
Missions near WHERE? thrived because Indians there adopted Spanish cultures.
El Paso and San Antonio
They elected an ayuntamiento, or governing council, to enforce royal and local laws. One member, the _______, held both judicial and law enforcement powers.
Alcalde
The Spanish also used their skills at _____ ______ to provide entertainment. (it was very popular)
Horse Racing
What is the common title for Spanish ranches?
Ranchos
Before the Aguayo expedition, East Texas had just two active missions and a presidio. San Miguel de Aguayo left with ten missions and four presidios. Two of the presidios he created would eventually play important roles in Texas. What was the name of the presidio, which grew into one of Texas' greatest settlements?
Nuestra Señora de Loreto de la Bahía del Espiritu Santo
The Spaniards dubbed the Indians Tejas, which is derived from the Hasinai term for what?
Friend
Who was the governor of Texas in 1718?
Martín de Alarcón
What was the name of the road that ran from the East Texas missions south to Mexico City and was the primary route into Texas?
El Camino Real
In 1731, the Spanish invited 15 Canary Islander families to settle in a town near the San Antonio Presidio. The town established Texas's first structured civil government. What was the name of the town?
San Fernando de Béxar
Back at Fort St. Louis, fewer than 30 individuals remained, the majority of them women and children. The Karankawa Indians assaulted and overran the fort, killing all of the adult settlers and destroying it. The Karankawas took five children captive. The Karankawas kept their children until they were rescued later. What years are predicted to when it occured?
1688 or 1689
What was La Bahía later known as?
Goliad
After the San Antonio mission was complete, the Spanish opted to construct a presidio roughly a mile away. What was the name of the Presidio?
San Antonio de Béxar
A group of American Natives arrived in San Sabá but did not stay; instead, they went hunting and raiding on their rivals. The Spanish had limited success in converting these individuals to the Catholic faith. Who are these individuals?
Apaches
A mission was more likely to succeed if it had a ________ nearby. These military outposts were built of adobe, stone, and timber.
Presidio
The economy of the settlements was mostly based on what?
Farming and Ranching
On other special occasions, residents gathered at _________, or dances.
Fandangos
By 1684, five settlements had been established along the Rio Grande's southern bank. One of these villages was founded on the Rio Grande's south bank, but floods in the 1800s shifted the river's channel, leaving it on the north bank. What is this settlement's name?
Ysleta
Which explorer did the governor of Louisiana dispatch to Texas to locate Father Hidalgo?
Louis Juchereau de St. Denis
On orders from Spain, Mexico's viceroy set out to reclaim and strengthen East Texas, so he dispatched the governor of Coahuila and Texas to drive the French out and rebuild the missions. What was the name of that governor?
Marqués de San Miguel de Aguayo
How many Comanches, Caddos, Tonkawas, and other factions invaded San Sabá in March 1758?
2,000
A mission was established near the San Antonio River; a primitive structure made of branches, mud, and straw. What was the name of the mission?
San Antonio de Valero
Escandón relocated La Bahía to a new location, which proved successful. Where did Escandón relocate La Bahía?
San Antonio River
A Spanish Religious community is known as what?
Missions
The Spanish wanted the indigenous American Indians to reside inside the mission walls so that missionaries could educate them about agriculture and farming with the help of Spanish people. What other lessons did missionaries wish to share?
Catholicism
In March 1758, a large group of Comanches, Caddos, Tonkawas, and other groups assaulted San Sabá. Many were equipped with weapons obtained from whom?
French
La Salle became lost, and the ships missed the Mississippi River's mouth. The crew eventually landed at Matagorda Bay on the Texas coast. What month and year did this occur in?
February 1685
Texas settlements had a diverse population of what descent?
Spaniards, American Indians, and people of African descent
The ______ business helped San Antonio and other towns grow.
Cattle
who wanted Texas Indians to live in the missions and learn the Spanish way of life.
Spanish
What is the name of the Franciscan priest who traveled alongside Alonso de León?
Damián Massanet
What is the name of the individual who canoed down the Mississippi River to its mouth in the Gulf of Mexico? There, he placed the French flag and claimed all of the Mississippi-drained territory for France. This territory stretched from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico.
Sieur de La Salle
In 1720, Antonio Margil de Jesús constructed a mission. By 1721, the mission housed over 200 Indians and eventually became the finest mission in Texas. What was the name of the mission?
San José y San Miguel de Aguayo
A Pueblo spiritual leader ignited an uprising against the Spanish in 1680. The Spanish colonists were driven from northern New Mexico by the Pueblo Revolt. Who organized the uprising?
Popé
Prior to the Aguayo expedition, East Texas had just two operating missions and a presidio. By the time San Miguel de Aguayo left, there were ten missions and four presidios. Among the presidios he established, two ultimately played key roles in Texas. What was the name of the presidio that later served as the capital of Spanish Texas?
Nuestra Señora del Pilar de los Adaes
What is an alternate title for "Revolution"?
Revolt
The population of La Bahía grew as it thrived in its new surroundings. Which industry developed and expanded in La Bahía?
Ranching
La Salle called the region Louisiana after his king. What was his king's name?
King Louis XIV
With Father Hidalgo settled in Nuestro Padre San Francisco de los Tejas, the ecclesiastical leadership of the expedition passed to another Franciscan, Father. What is his name?
Antonio Margil de Jesús
The Spanish established themselves in New Mexico along the upper Rio Grande in the 1600s. They constructed towns, ranches, and missions among the Pueblo Indians, including which present-day city?
Santa Fe
Nevertheless, some missions, particularly those at __________, became substantial communities
San Antonio
________, or cowboys, worked on ranches near the settlements
Vaqueros
Many Texas traditions also reflect Spanish influence. For example, the Spanish had introduced what to the Americas?
Horses and Cattle Ranching
Who relocated the colony of La Bahía, established by Aguayo 20 years previously, to secure Spain's claim?
José de Escandón
When several Apache chiefs asked to be taught about Spanish life, a group of Franciscans capitalized on the chance and erected a mission in 1757. What is the mission name?
San Sabá
The Spanish chose to erect additional missions in East Texas near French territory, where soldiers could monitor French operations. Who was responsible with overseeing this effort?
Domingo Ramón
José de Escandón established a settlement in East Texas in 1755. What is the name of the settlement?
Laredo
What is the name of the Spanish expedition that set off in 1720?
Aguayo expedition
What was the name of the Spanish governor who led the expedition to find Fort Saint Louis in 1689?
Alonso de León
Which U.S. state has Ysleta as its oldest Hispanic settlement?
Texas
What is the name of the first Governor of Spanish Texas?
Domingo Terán de los Ríos
Missions were spread all across Texas, so to defend them, Captain Ramón constructed a presidio around which tributary?
Neches River
St. Denis traveled north, and in 1713, he established a trading post near the Red River, which evolved into the town. What's the name of that town?
Natchitoches
They elected an ___________, or governing council, to enforce royal and local laws.
Ayuntamiento
who later used the equipment developed by the vaqueros?
Cowboys
who made pottery, cared for livestock, wove cloth, and ran the mission kitchen?
Women