Involving 14th Amendment rights
What was BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION (1954), and what did it overrule?
Race-based school segregation violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Overruled the former Plessy v. Ferguson ruling of separate but equal in schools.
What did MARBURY V. MADISON (1803) do, and what does it empower the Supreme Court to do?
In deciding this case about judicial appointments, the court established the principle of judicial review, empowering the Supreme Court to declare an act of the legislative or executive branch unconstitutional.
What happened in TINKER V. DES MOINES INDEPENDENT COMMUNITY SCHOOL DISTRICT (1969), and what was the reason for the court ruling?
A prohibition against public school students wearing black armbands in school to protest the Vietnam War violated the students’ freedom of speech protections in the First Amendment, as it wasn't disruptive, nor seen as an act that created a clear and active danger.
What was ENGEL V. VITALE (1962)? Which underlying principle was breached?
School sponsorship of religious activities violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. Violated the separation between the church and state.
What was the ruling in SHAW V. RENO (1993)?
Under the Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause, majority-minority districts, created under the Voting Rights Act of 1965, may be constitutionally challenged by voters if race is the only factor used in creating the district.
MCCULLOCH V. MARYLAND (1819) established supremacy of which government?
In deciding this case about a national bank and state taxes, the court established the supremacy of the U.S. Constitution and federal laws over state laws.
What was the ruling of WISCONSIN V. YODER (1972)?
Compelling Amish students to attend school past the eighth grade violates the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment.
What did SCHENCK V. UNITED STATES (1919) limit?
Speech creating a “clear and present danger” was not protected by the First Amendment and could be limited.
GIDEON V. WAINWRIGHT (1963), it extends the power of which Amendment?
In this case, the Sixth Amendment’s right to an attorney extends procedural due process protections to felony defendants in state courts.
What was BAKER V. CARR (1962), and what power did it provide the Supreme Court with?
This case held that redistricting did not raise political questions, allowing federal courts to hear other cases that challenge redistricting plans that may violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
What was UNITED STATES V. LOPEZ (1995), and which branch interfered with state matters?
Congress exceeded its power under the Commerce Clause when it made possession of a gun in a school zone a federal crime.
What was CITIZENS UNITED V. FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION (2010), and who did it benefit?
Political spending by corporations, associations, and labor unions is a form of protected speech under the First Amendment. It benefited SIG's, and further put America on the path of a pluralist democracy
Why was NEW YORK TIMES CO. V. UNITED STATES (1971) important? What did it estabilish?
This case bolstered the freedom of the press protections of the First Amendment, establishing a “heavy presumption against prior restraint” even in cases involving national security.
What was the ruling of MCDONALD V. CHICAGO (2010)?
The Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms for self-defense is applicable to the states.