Engel v. Vitale (1962)
School sponsorship of religious activities is a violation of
What is the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment?
The Amendment that guarantees the right to legal counsel
What is the Sixth Amendment?
What is the ruling that students don't "shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate"?
A classified study of U.S. foreign policy revealing a history of government deception - New York Times began publishing in 1971
What are the Pentagon Papers?
The case held that a Wisconsin cumpulsory education law violated what part of the First Amendment when applied to Amish parents who refused to send their children to school beyond eigth grade.
What is the First Amendment's Free Exercise Clause?
The nondenominational belief system that couldn't be endorsed either - along with religious ones.
What is the Regents' Prayer?
The man who was denied an attorney for his trial and subsequently wrote to the Supreme Court.
Who is Clarence Earl Gideon?
The type of symbolic protest by students against the Vietnam War, which led to their suspensions
What was wearing black armbands?
A former Department of Defense employee who illegally copied and leaked the Pentagon Papers.
Who is Daniel Ellsberg?
The religious group that challenged Wisconsin's requirement that all children attend school until a certain grade level
What is the Amish community?
Another liberty that was affirmed in this case.
What are students' rights to free exercise/private individual religious practice?
After his case was sent back for retrial, the jury in this case found Clarence Earl Gideon not guilty.
What was the result of Gideon's retrial?
According to the Supreme Court, school officials can only prohibit symbolic speech if they can reasonably forecast that it will have this effect.
What is a substantial disruption of school activities or an invasion of the rights of others?
The Nixon administration argued that publication of these documents threatened national security, but Justice Black famously states that press was to expose corruption, not protect the governors.
What is the tension between government secrecy and the public's right to know?
Justice Douglas argued this about the ruling of the case.
What is his argument that the Court should consider the children's views, not just the parents', regarding continued education in the majority opinion of this case?